Range Vegetation BIOL 425/427. What is “Rangeland”?

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Presentation transcript:

Range Vegetation BIOL 425/427

What is “Rangeland”?

A) Uncultivated

B) Provides Forage for Large Herbivores LivestockWildlife

Grazers

Browsers

Intermediate Feeders

Typical Rangelands

In Contrast: Pasturelands Periodic Cultivation of Non-Native Forage Species Agricultural Inputs (Fertilizer, Irrigation)

Extent of Rangelands (Worldwide) Potential Rangeland WORLD70% AFRICA69 CHINA77 INDIA33 EUROPE53 NORTH AMERICA66 SOUTH AMERICA74 OCEANIA66 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) data (2000)

Extent of Rangeland (North America) Potential Rangeland NORTH AMERICA 66 CANADA64 MEXICO70 USA61 FAO data (2000)

Rangeland in the West : (80% of Land Area)

Rangeland Types A) Grasslands

Rangeland Types B) Shrublands

Rangeland Types C) Woodlands

Rangeland Types D) Forests

PLANTS!!!

Trees (Gymnosperms)

Trees (Angiosperms)

Small Trees and Shrubs

Vegetative Characteristics

Succulents

Forbs

Flower Characteristics

Graminoids (Grasses, Rushes, Sedges)

Grass Characteristics

29 WARM-SEASON vs. COOL-SEASON PLANTS

FORAGE VALUE

POISONOUS PLANTS

INCREASERS VERSUS DECREASERS

“WEEDS”

RANGELAND LEGISLATION HOMESTEAD ACT (1862) TAYLOR GRAZING ACT (1934) MULTIPLE USE ACT (1960) ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT (1973) Stock Raising Homestead Act (1916) Transcontinental Railroad Act (1862) MORRILL ACT (1862) Forest Reserves Act (1891) National Environmental Policy Act (1970)

TO GRAZE OR NOT TO GRAZE? Cost of Compliance By Trent LoosTrent Loos What is the price of freedom? How many Americans have died to protect our rights? Yet we have an additional price to pay to protect our right, as a rancher, to convert natural resources into value-added products. For Kit Laney of New Mexico, part of the price was 25 days in jail without bail.

RANGE ECOLOGY

ABIOTIC FACTORS

BIOTIC FACTORS

PLANT SUCCESSION ON THE RANGE Effect of Fire Suppression in Bear’s Ears (Southwestern Utah) Top: 1920s Bottom:

DESERTIFICATION

RANGE ASSESSMENT

SOURCES OF INFORMATION Journal of Range Management Holecheck, J.L. et al Range Management: Principles and Practices. *Ivey, R.D Flowering Plants of New Mexico Allred, K.W A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico, 3 rd edition

EL FIN (THE END)