Wangari Maathari and Kenya’s Green Belt Movement Green Belt Movement: 1977 – Self-help group of women in Kenya – Success of tree planting Nobel Peace Prize:

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach
Advertisements

Chapter 14, Section 3: Land Management & Conservation
10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services.
Land Section #3: Land Management & Conservation. Farmlands land used to grow crops or fruit 100 million hectares in the U.S. threatened by development.
McKensey Miller, Jack buettner, Jamie Kim, and Hannah Sim
Ch 10 M/C review questions
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach
Wildlife Preserving a Valuable Resource. The Values of Wildlife Plants and animals that have not been domesticated are called wildlife. Plants and animals.
Terrestrial Ecosystems— Management and Threats Chapter 10.
World Forests Forests cover 30% of the world’s land surface.
Chapter 10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach.
Ch 10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity
10-5 What is the Ecosystem Approach to Sustaining Biodiversity?
Land Chapter 14.
History of the Environmental Movement in the United States
Chapter 2: History of Environmental Science Conservation vs. Preservation Modern Environmental Movement Key Players and Viewpoints.
What is the Ecosystem Approach to Sustaining Biodiversity?
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach
© Cengage Learning 2015 LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 18e G. TYLER MILLER SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN © Cengage Learning Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity:
14.3. Bellringer Land Management The main categories of rural land are farmland, rangeland, forest land, national and state parks, and wilderness. –
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach
Chapter 10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach
10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services.
Sustaining Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach Chapter 8 Sections 5-8 The Short Version.
Chapter 18 Land Resources and Conservation. Vocabulary  Urban- city/high density  Rural- sparsely populated areas.
Environmental History of the US: Some Important Thinkers
History of American Conservation Movement. Environmental History Tribal Era Native Americans: Hunters & Gatherers – Depleted renewable resource and moved.
LandSection 3 Rural Land Management The main categories of rural land – farmland –rangeland –forest land –national and state parks, and wilderness Condition.
Key Concepts Ch. 23  Human land use  Types and uses of US public lands  Forests and forest management  Implications of deforestation  Management of.
Chapter 10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach.
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 11 G. Tyler Miller’s Living.
Forestry. MANAGING AND SUSTAINING FORESTS  Forests provide a number of ecological and economic services that researchers have attempted to estimate their.
Land Use in the World.
Wildlife management & ecological conservation. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation  Areas where high concentrations of endemic species are undergoing.
How Should We Manage and Sustain Parks and Nature Reserves?
 The main categories of rural land are farmland, rangeland, forest land, national and state parks, and wilderness.
Restoration Ecology. Key terms Intervention Mitigation Reallocation Reclamation Re-creation Rehabilitation Remediation Restoration.
Natural Resource Conservation and Preservation
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LAND MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION.
Land, Public and Private Chapter 10. Human Activities Affecting Land and Environment  Extensive logging – mudslides  Deforestation – climate change.
1. Map global ecosystems and create an inventory of the species contained in each of them and the ecosystem services they provide. 2. Locate and protect.
LandSection 3 Section 3: Land Management and Conservation Preview Bellringer Objectives Land Management Farmlands Rangelands Problems on the Range Maintaining.
Land Management and Conservation /08. Keeping rural lands free from urbanization and in good shape is important because of the environmental services.
Do Now: Forestry multiple choice quiz. 13 questions 10 minutes Remember: -underline the stem - look for umbrella terms - eliminate absolute statements.
Chapter 10: Land, Public and Private
10-4 How Should We Manage and Sustain Parks and Natural Reserves? Concept 10-4 Sustaining biodiversity will require more effective protection of existing.
NATIONAL PARKS AND NATURE RESERVES REANN McNEARY AND DONOVAN T. SMALLS.
Environmental Science Chapter 8 Land Use Notes #2.
What is Rangeland Management?. Rangeland Management is:  The use and stewardship of rangeland resources to meet goals and desires of humans.  A Planning.
Preserving Biodiversity Objectives: I will – Explain how humans are causing extinctions of other species. – Explain why it is important that we preserve.
Land, Public and Private. Human Activities Affecting Land and Environment  Extensive logging – mudslides  Deforestation – climate change  Paving –
Chapter 10.  In 1800s 350,000 gray wolves roamed 48 states  1850–1900: decline due to human activity  U.S. Endangered Species Act: 1973  Only a few.
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach Chapter 10.
Chapter 10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach.
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 11 G. Tyler Miller’s Living.
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach Chapter 10.
Modern Conservation Era Modern Conservation Era Newly formed private groups and the government worked to protect more of the nation’s natural.
 Farmland  Rangeland  Forest land  National and state parks  Wilderness  The condition of rural land is important because of the ecological services.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach
Rangeland.
Forestry and National Parks
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach
Rangelands and Grazing
Do Now: Forestry multiple choice quiz. 13 questions 10 minutes
Biodiversity 3.
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach
10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services.
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach
What is Range Management?
Presentation transcript:

Wangari Maathari and Kenya’s Green Belt Movement Green Belt Movement: 1977 – Self-help group of women in Kenya – Success of tree planting Nobel Peace Prize: 2004

How Should We Manage and Sustain Grasslands Important ecological services of grasslands – Soil formation – Erosion control – Nutrient cycling – Storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide in biomass – Maintenance of diversity Overgrazing of rangelands (unfenced grassland) – Reduces grass cover – Leads to erosion of soil by water and wind – Soil becomes compacted – Enhances invasion of plant species that cattle won’t eat Malapi Borderlands- Management success story Overgrazing and fire suppression degraded area, now Controlled burns and return of native grasses

We Can Manage Rangelands More Sustainably Rotational grazing – Portable fencing Suppress growth of invasive species – Herbicides – Mechanical removal – Controlled burning – Controlled, short-term trampling

How Should We Manage and Sustain Parks and Natural Reserves Worldwide: 1100 major national parks Parks in developing countries – Greatest biodiversity 1% protected against – Illegal animal poaching – Illegal logging and mining

STRESSES ON THE NATIONAL PARKS Yellowstone- first national park, but the park system was established in major national parks 333 monuments and historic sites Too many visitors? – Traffic, eroded trails, noise, cell phone towers – Native species are killed or removed – Expensive to maintain Great Smokey Mountains Nat’l Park- most visited

Yellowstone National Park

Sierra Club- founded by John Muir in 1892 and was leader of the preservationist movement, protect large areas of wilderness from human exploitation) Theodore Roosevelt - “the country’s best environmental president” the Golden Age of Conservation ( ) – Established first federal refuge at Pelican Island in Florida to protect the brown pelican – Tripled the size of national forest reserves – US Forest Service established in 1905 to manage and protect reserves – Gifford Pinchot - first chief of US Forest Service Woodrow Wilson- oversaw the creation of the National Park Service in 1916 FDR- Formed the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1933

Wise-use (conservationist)- Roosevelt and Pinchot believed all public lands should be managed wisely and scientifically to provided needed resources Preservationists- Muir ( ) believed lands should be left undisturbed- -helped establish Yosemite National Park in 1890)

Nature Reserves Occupy Only a Small Part of the Earth’s Land Conservationists’ goal: protect 20% of the earth’s land Cooperation between government and private groups Nature Conservancy – created largest system of private natural areas and wildlife sanctuaries in 30 countries Have protected land, waterways and wetlands Eco-philanthropists- buy wilderness areas and donate to the country Developers and resource extractors opposition

Costa Rica Smaller than west Virginia much of the forests were cleared for cattle to graze Rich in biodiversity, over 500,000 plant and animal species Nature reserves/parks established in 1970s. Now devotes more land to biodiversity than any other country 8 megareserves with an inner core and 2 buffer zones for the local people Government has eliminated subsidies for converting forest into rangeland and pays land owners to restore tree coverage, and planted nearly 14 million trees. Forest cover has grown from 26% to 51% Has one of the lowest deforestation rates

We Can Use a Four-Point Strategy to Protect Ecosystems Map global ecosystems; identify species Map global ecosystems; identify species Locate and protect most endangered species Locate and protect most endangered species Restore degraded ecosystems Restore degraded ecosystems Development must be biodiversity-friendly Development must be biodiversity-friendly Are new laws needed? Are new laws needed?

Protecting Global Biodiversity Hot Spots Is an Urgent Priority 1988: Norman Myers – Identify biodiversity hot spots rich in plant species Not sufficient public support and funding Drawbacks of this approach – May be rich in plant diversity, but not in animal diversity – People may be displaced and/or lose access to important resources

HOTSPOTS Cover about 2% of land surface 86% of the habitat has been destroyed Contain an estimated 50% of world’s flowering plants and 42% or terrestrial vertebrates Home to most endangered/critically endangered species. Spider tortoise (Madagascar)

THERE ARE 34 HOT SPOTS THAT OCCUPY 2% OF THE WORLD’S LAND AREA THE HOTTEST OF THESE HOT SPOTS ARE TROPICAL ISLANDS SUCH AS MADAGASCAR, INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPINES WHERE GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION HAS RESULTED IN LARGE NUMBERS OF UNIQUE PLANTS AND ANIMALS

U.N. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: 2005 – Identify key ecosystem services – Human activities degrade or overuse 62% of the earth’s natural services Identify highly stressed life raft ecosystems (where people live in poverty, depend on the ecosytem services that are being degraded) Study how natural ecosystems recover- some of the damage done by humans can be reversed- – Restoration – Rehabilitation – Replacement – Creating artificial ecosystems How to carry out most forms of ecological restoration and rehabilitation – Identify what caused the degradation – Stop the abuse – Reintroduce species, if possible – Protect from further degradation

Preventing ecosystem damage is cheaper than restoration About 5% of the earth’s land is preserved from the effects of human activities

We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect. Aldo Leopold