Bell Ringer Plankton that spend their whole lives in the plankton community are called ________. Temporary visitors are called ________.

Zooplankton: Heterotrophs

Zooplankton What are they? Mass is approximately 10% that of phytoplankton Almost every animal group is represented

Zooplankton Copepods – 70% of all zooplankton – Shrimplike – Crustaceans; same family as crabs, lobsters, & shrimp

Copepods

Zooplankton Macroplankton – plankton larger than 1 cm. – Jellyfish

Zooplankton Holoplankton – spend whole lives as plankton – Copepods, krill – Far more common Meroplankton – partial life spent as plankton – Juvenile stage – crabs, barnacles, clams, sea stars, tuna

Krill Most important! – Keystone of Antarctic ecosystem Thumb-size, graze on diatoms Eaten by seabirds, squids, fish, & whales million metric tons inhabit Antarctic

Krill

Travel in large schools – several square miles – Exceed biomass of human population! Behave more like a school of fish Swim horizontally, not vertically

Foraminifera Related to amoebas Calcium carbonate shells – Similar to coccolithophores

Foraminifera

Oxygen minimum zone Oxygen is depleted by animals & not replaced by phytoplankton Just below well-lit area Nightly migrations from here toward darkened surface layer to feed on smaller organisms

Zooplankton Large animals (whale sharks & baleen whales) feed on zooplankton.

Larger Marine Producers Seaweeds -> 2%-5% primary productivity Most are algae – Algae – possess chlorophyll, photosynthesize, lacking vessels

Larger Marine Producers Unicellular algae – single-celled diatoms & dinoflagellates Multicellular algae – seaweeds Angiosperms – flowering plants – sea grasses & mangrove trees – NOT seaweeds

Algae Nonvascular – no vessels – Still require carbon, oxygen, sun, and water – All in one spot so no need for vessels

Algae

Multicellular – can form forests or solitary isolation Largest can grow up to 62 m Flexible, easily absorb shock, resistant to abrasion, streamlined to reduce water drag, & very strong

Algae Doesn’t grow below euphotic zone – depends on photosynthesis Over 7,000 species identified Covered by slick, mucilagenous material – Lubricates, keeps from drying, deters grazers