Final Exam Review Unit 2: Natural Disasters

Earthquake violent shaking of the ground

Cause of Earthquake Movement of tectonic plates Subduction zone Transform fault

Type of damage from an Earthquake destruction, building damage, road damage, ruptured pipes, death

Where Earthquakes occur at plate boundaries

Safety during an Earthquake

Relationship to Tsunamis Cause of a tsunami, displaces a large amount of water at subduction zone

Richter Scale measures magnitude of earthquake, 1-10 (10 the worst)

Tsunami

Cause of a tsunami displacement of water, earthquake under water

Type of Damage Flooding, mass destruction

Warning of a Tsunami Water recedes, recent earthquake

Safety during a Tsunami Run to higher ground

Volcano Movement of tectonic plates, subduction zones

Damage Lava flows, Property destruction

Where? Plate boundaries- subduction zones

Dormant A volcano that has not erupted in a long time but has the potential to erupt again Cattle Graze Beneath the Dormant Volcano Mt. Taranaki or Egmont Taranaki New Zealand

Active A volcano that is currently erupting

Extinct A volcano that has erupted in the past but will not erupt again

Active DormantExtinct

Magma Molten rock below Earth’s surface, before it erupts from a volcano Lava Molten rock above Earth’s surface, what is erupting from a volcano

Tornado Forms from a supercell thunderstorm a cold air mass and a warm air mass combine- the cold air mass drops below the warm air mass eventually twisting

Where they form Flat land Tornado alley

Type of damage Mass destruction of anything in its path

Safety

Fujita scale measures the intensity of a tornado on a scale of 1-5 (5 the worst)

Hurricane Forms over warm water

Type of damage 1.Storm surge- flooding 2.Wind- downed trees, flying debris

Wind Speed Greater than 74 mph

Storm Surge water from ocean gets pushed onto shore causing flooding

typhoon Pacific ocean cyclone Indian Ocean

Forest Fires Cause – Human: main cause of forest fires, arson, campfires, cigarettes – Nature: lightening, sun

Fire Triangle Fuel Oxygen Heat Source

Controlled burning removes fuel for a fire- undergrowth, brush, leaf litter

Where they occur In dry, arid areas such as out West- heat, drought, frequent thunderstorms

Damage habitat destruction property damage

Benefits Clearing the forest floor providing habitat killing disease new generations