Key Question 3: How and why did the economic, social, and political status of African Americans change from ?

Slavery Review Brainstorm everything you can about life as a slave Share with a partner and write down new information Use note sheet you just made and describe for me the life of a slave

Ex- Slaves New Freedom, reuniting families New Freedom, reuniting families Education, rights Education, rights Political influence, voting Political influence, voting Sharecropping – landowners dividing up land for poor whites and Af-Americans to work. Sharecropping – landowners dividing up land for poor whites and Af-Americans to work.

Big Changes 3 Constitutional Amendments 3 Constitutional Amendments 13 th Amendment – Abolition of Slavery 13 th Amendment – Abolition of Slavery 14 th Amendment – All races gain citizenship 14 th Amendment – All races gain citizenship 15 th Amendment – All races can vote 15 th Amendment – All races can vote Note: Literacy Tests and Poll Taxes were used as ways to prohibit people from voting Note: Literacy Tests and Poll Taxes were used as ways to prohibit people from voting Question: How have these amendments changed your life personally? Explain Question: How have these amendments changed your life personally? Explain

Response to 13 th Amendment Freedmen’s Bureau Essentially created sharecropping Tried to educate blacks on how to read and write Provided some form of legal counsel Disbanded when funding ran out Black Codes Ku Klux Klan Enforcement Acts

Response to 14 th Amendment Black Codes Keep from voting Ku Klux Klan Fear into heart of blacks

Response to KKK Backlash Enforcement Acts protected blacks’ right to vote to hold office to serve on juries receive equal protection of laws The laws also said that if the states failed to act and enforce these laws, the federal government had the right to intervene.

Racism Racism – treating someone differently because of the color of their skin

Restrictions of Freedom The “Slaughter House Cases” Compromise South would support Hayes if he removed troops in south D.W. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation

Jim Crow’s creation Dred Scott Decision-blacks were property Plessy v. Ferguson – created separate but equal Segregation – separating the races Schools, neighborhoods, waiting rooms, public facilities

Life after Sharecropping Booker T. Washington and the Tuskegee Institute William Du Bois and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Other Responses Marcus Garvey Back to Africa Movement Garveyism inspired later movements A. Philip Randolph Fought to end segregation during and after WWII Leader in March on Washington

Great Migration The “Great Migration” African Americans flocking to the north to gain factory jobs

Harlem Renaissance African American voice in the Arts Jazz – Louis Armstrong Writers focusing on the lives and struggles of African Americans Langston Hughes

Change Must Happen NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Thurgood Marshall - lawyer and leader Brown v. Board of Education in Topeka, KS Got rid of separate but equal Linda Brown – little girl who had to travel across town to go to school

Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks – wouldn’t give up her seat to a white man Kicked off bus and arrested Bus Boycott – refuse to use Alternative methods of transportation Question: what other ways could people get around town if they didn’t have a bus? Martin Luther King Jr. – little known preacher, leader, “non-violence” 381 days later the bus company gave in

Moving Toward Equality Integration – bringing the races together Central High School – Little Rock, AR, 1957 National Guard Ordered to STOP integration Eisenhower ordered integration University of Alabama – 1963 Gov. George Wallace stood in the doorway to stop Af. American students Question: why do you think these students wanted to go to these schools so bad?

Protests Sit-ins – protest by sitting down Civil Disobedience – not obeying laws you feel are unjust Freedom Riders – patrol bus system Question: if you wanted to make real change in a law, rule or policy, how would you protest it? March on Washington MLK – “I have a dream…” 250,000 people

Violence Erupts Riots – protest turned Violent Watts 1965, Detroit 1967, others Police Brutality – violence against citizens by law enforcement officers Malcolm X – Nation of Islam Stokely Carmichael – “Black Power” Black Panthers – Oakland, CA To protect the Af. American Community

Opinion Why do you think that some people chose non-violence in the civil rights movement and others chose violence? Which do you think is the better choice? Why?

Sad Truth MLK – assassinated outside hotel in Memphis, TN by James Earl Ray Malcolm X – assassinated by one of his followers

More Progress Civil Rights Act 1964 Voting Rights Act 1965 Civil Rights Act 1968 Activity: Summarize what these laws did using your textbook. Affirmative Action – making special efforts to hire and enroll members of groups who have been discriminated against.

Modern African American Relations Are minorities accepted in modern culture, why or why not? Are there any stereotypes presented through the print media about minorities? How so? What message is the modern media telling America about cultures? Rodney King Affair Have we reached MLK’s dream? Will we ever?