Kinds of Groundwater Intakes General classification: I. Water Supply Networks and Facilities Topic I.6. Groundwater Intakes: Kinds, Structures and Peculiarities Kinds of Groundwater Intakes General classification: I According to position in the space (lay-out) Vertical Horizontal Combine

Kinds of Groundwater Intakes II. According to the structure Drilled wells - D = 15 - 100 cm Shaft (large) wells - D = 1 - 6 m Ray wells (Ranney type, wells with horizontal ray drainage pipes) Drainage galleries Spring water catches

Groundwater Intakes Structures Drilled well parts (scheme) 1 - casing pipes 2 - filter 3 - settling part 4 - drop pipe 5 - well head 6 - outlet pipe

Groundwater Intakes Structures

Groundwater Intakes Structures Drilled wells filters а - Perforated pipes with circle holes г - wire-net filters б - Perforated pipes with rectangular holes д - send filters b - wire filters

Groundwater Intakes Structures Hydraulic scheme of an ideal well R - radius of influence H - water table height Cт.BH - static water table (level) ДBH - dynamic water table (level) h - piezometric head s - depression (funnel)

Groundwater Intakes Structures Gravity water withdraw from the drilled wells(scheme) 1 - Gravity withdrawing pipe 2 - Receiving (collecting) well

Groundwater Intakes Structures Siphon water withdraw from the drilled wells (scheme) 1 - Siphon withdrawing pipe 3 - vacuum vehicle 2 - Receiving (collecting) well

Groundwater Intakes Structures Receiving (collecting) well 1 - Siphon withdrawing pipe 2 - Suction pipe 3 - vacuum vehicle

Groundwater Intakes Structures Drilled wells equipment (scheme) a - with vertical pumps б, - with horizontal pumps 1 - well mouth 2 - electric motor 3 - vacuum valve 4 - check and stop valves 5 - differential manometer 6 - exhausting pipe 7 - pump 8 - manometer 9 - casing pipe 10 - suction basket 11 - ventilation 12 - control panel

Groundwater Intakes Structures Shaft well (scheme)

Groundwater Intakes Structures Orifices in the shaft wells walls a - horizontal б - declined b - vertical г - combined

Groundwater Intakes Structures Shaft well parts (scheme)

Groundwater Intakes Structures Rey well (scheme) 1 - vertical (well) pump 2 - drainage pipe (ray) 3 - drained aquifer body

Groundwater Intakes Structures Horizontal drainage galleries 1 - drainage gallery 3 - manhole 2 - conduit pipe 4 - receiving chamber

Groundwater Intakes Structures Horizontal drainage galleries 1 - concrete wall 2 - coarse gravel fine gravel 4 - cley

Groundwater Intakes Structures Springs kinds (schemes) a - possible locations of springs b - declined spring (spread, concentrated) б - Karst spring г - inclined spring (spread, concentrated)

Groundwater Intakes Structures Declined spread spring water catch 1 - water (wet) chamber 2 - service (dry) chamber 3 - drainage filter 4 - dense clay 5 - embankment 6 - ventilation pipe 7 - water feeding pipe 8 - exhausting pipe 9 - overflow drain 10 - drainage pipe 11 - stop valve

Groundwater Intakes Structures Concentrated spring water catches a - Declined б - Inclined 1 - cracked rocs 2 - water collecting chamber 3 - water storage (feeding) chamber 4 - service (dry) chamber 5 - pipe systems 6 - overflow 7 - sinks

Groundwater Intakes Structures Spread inclined spring water catch 1 - cracked rocs 2 - drainage layer 3 - concrete wall 4 - concrete plate 5 - dense clay 6 - ventilation orifice 7 - water receiving chamber 8 - embankment