Southwest Asia The Middle East FSMS 7th Grade Social Studies; Unit 2 Change: U. S. Military Involvement in SWA Gulf Wars I & II + War on Terror Georgia Standard SS7H2(d)

The Middle East Historical Understandings Standard SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century. (d) Explain U.S. presence and interest in Southwest Asia; include the Persian Gulf conflict, invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.

FIRST FIVE AGENDA Message: CDA-1 covers Geography, Political Boundaries, Natural Resources, Population Distribution, Ethnic Religious Groups and the history of SWA (Ottoman Empire, Creation of Israel & Gulf Wars!) Standard: The U.S. military presence in SWA including the Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. E.Q. Friday; 9/20/13: What caused the “Persian Gulf War” also known as “Operation Desert Storm”? Warm Up: Place the following in historical order. Creation of Israel by the United Nations in 1948, Zionism, Partition creates Palestine, Holocaust, Diaspora, Anti-Semitism, Ottoman Empire, TODAY WE WILL Start the history of the Gulf Wars in Iraq & the war in Afghanistan. Seating Chart Updates 3rd,, 5th, & 7th Periods turn in Ethnic & Religious Groups W/S

The Middle East Historical Understandings E.Q. Answer for Friday September 20th: In August 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait in an effort to control Kuwait’s large oil reserves. Because of the threat to the oil supply, the United States sent a large number of troops to be part of this United Nations military force to drive Iraq out of Kuwaiti territory. This effort was known as the Persian Gulf War, or Operation Desert Storm. Warm-Up Answer:1. Diaspora; 2. Zionism; 3. Ottoman Empire 4. Anti-Semitism; 5. Partition Creates Palestine; 6. Holocaust; 7. Creation of Israel by United Nations in 1948

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S. Presence and Interest The United States has had significant political and economic interests in Southwest Asia for over 200 years. Vast supplies of oil are found in this area, oil that is critical to United States energy and economic needs. Since the end of World War I, the United States has played an important role in diplomacy following the break-up of the Ottoman Empire.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest The U.S. support for the creation of the state of Israel in 1948 also focused attention on this part of the world.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War In August 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait in an effort to control Kuwait’s large oil reserves. The leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, claimed that Kuwait was taking more than they were allowed from shared oil fields. He also claimed that when the Ottoman Empire was broken-up at the end of World War I, the area that became Kuwait should have been part of Iraq.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. The creation of the country of Iraq in 1920 meant that Iraq no longer had any coastline on the Persian Gulf. The United States was concerned about the invasion of Kuwait because the United States gets a large percentage of its imported oil from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. Kuwait belonged to the United Nations, a world organization that will come to the aid of any member nation that is attacked without cause by another country. The United Nations voted to raise a military force to liberate Kuwait from the Iraqi invasion.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. Because of the threat to the oil supply, the United States sent a large number of troops to be part of this United Nations military force to drive Iraq out of Kuwaiti territory. This effort was known as the Persian Gulf War, or Operation Desert Storm.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. Thirty-nine countries joined in and within three months, by February 1991, the Iraqi government accepted a truce and agreed to withdraw from Kuwait.

Persian Gulf War Between Iraq & about 30 other nations. Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi oil Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 Saddam Hussein and his Iraqi army took control of Kuwait Early_Days_of_the_Persian_Gulf_Conflict.mov

Persian Gulf War The United Nations demanded Iraq to withdraw. The U.N. cut off trade with Iraq. Iraq still did not leave. Many Kuwaiti citizens left the country during the occupation. STOP Writing PHOTO(: U.S. soldiers in the Gulf War. In August of 1990 Saddam Hussein of Iraq launched an invasion of the neighboring oil-rich state of Kuwait, but was forced to withdraw after a military coalition led by the U.S. defeated Iraqs army with a month-long air war and a four-day ground campaign in January-February 1991.

Persian Gulf War The U.S. and other countries sent troops to Saudi Arabia. The U.N. set a date for Iraq to leave Kuwait. Iraq refused to leave. The date expired. In January of 1991, the U.S. & other nations invaded Iraq. Iraqi army defeated in less than (2) months. Iraq had to recognize Kuwait as a free country and destroy all weapons of mass destruction. The U.N. was never able to prove WMD’s existed. The_Persian_Gulf_War.mov

U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda attacked the U.S. Al-Qaeda- A group of radical Islamic terrorists based largely in Afghanistan. Terrorist attacks killed nearly 3,000 people.