The Influence of Perceptions of Community Norms on Current Contraceptive Use among Men and Women in Ethiopia and Kenya Michelle Dynes 1. Rob Stephenson.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Worlds Women and Girls 2011 Data Sheet Overcoming Barriers to Gender Equality POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU |
Advertisements

National survey Theme Transitions to adulthood: social context, education, work, and marriage among 15 to 24 year olds Objective To establish a base of.
Unpacking ‘Son preference’: the trajectory of a demographic variable Danièle Bélanger, PhD Associate Professor The University of Western Ontario.
Conception or Contraception Men‘s Role in the decision making process in Minya, Egypt Adel Takruri PhD Candidate Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public.
Unmet need for family planning
Fertility, Proximate Determinants and Fertility Preferences
Intra-urban differentials in early marriage: Prevalence and consequences Zeinab Khadr Combating Early Marriage and Young People’s Reproductive Risks in.
Latino fathers’ childbearing intentions: The view from mother-proxy vs. father self-reports Lina Guzman, Jennifer Manlove, & Kerry Franzetta.
Chapter 8 Balancing Work and Family __________________________.
2015 TANZANIA DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY (TDHS)
Family Formation Patterns Among Young People: General Trends and Emerging Issues in East and Southeast Asia Minja Kim Choe, East-West Center Expert Group.
Empowering women culturally and addressing men’s concerns about reproductive health services in a rural community mobilization programme in northern Ghana.
Theme 3: Access to and utilization of quality maternal health care.
Poverty and Sexual Risk-taking in Africa Eliya Zulu and Nyovani Madise (African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya)
Displacement and forced sex: Haiti’s experience since the 2010 earthquake Nicholas Thomas, MPH, PhD candidate Department of Global Health Systems and Development,
HIV-positive women's and men's fertility preferences: Case studies of Zambia and Nigeria Ann M. Moore, Olutosin Awulode, Akinrinola Bankole, Adesina Oladokun,
Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey – Key Indicators Results.
Exposure to Family Planning Messages through Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication and Current Contraceptive Use in Ghana Claire Bailey
The Need for Greater Emphasis on Married or Cohabiting Couples in Southern and East Africa John Cleland.
Photo by Michael Tewelde
Fertility Desires and Family Planning Among HIV-affected Couples in Nyanza Province, Kenya Sara Newmann, MD, MPH Men, Masculinities and Family Planning.
1. POPULATION IN TRANSITION IBDP Expectations: Population Change: Explain population trends and patterns in births (Crude Birth Rate), natural increase.
Evaluation of family planning program
Like Chocolate: Adolescent Emergency Contraception Use in Nairobi Karen P. Fogg, M.PH. 1 Jill Keesbury, Ph.D. 2 Rob Stephenson, Ph.D. 1 1 Rollins School.
Girls are not Brides: A case study on ending social norms on girl marriage in Northern Malawi By: Mirriam Kaluwa.
9th INDEPTH AGM, 27th OCT 2009, PUNE INDIA A community based trial of enhanced family planning outreach in Rakai, Uganda Tom Lutalo 1, Edward Kimera 1.
Evaluation of a Communication Intervention Programme on Birth Spacing in Bihar, India 34th Annual Conference Indian Association for the Study of Population.
July 24, 2012 GENDER ROLES, EQUALITY AND TRANSFORMATIONS PROJECT INSTITUTE FOR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL SAVE.
School Dropout in Rural Vietnam: Does Gender Matter?
Afghanistan Mortality Survey 2010 Key Findings. What is the AMS? The AMS 2010 is the first comprehensive mortality survey in Afghanistan. It is a nationally.
 Health insurance is a significant part of the Vietnamese health care system.  The percentage of people who had health insurance in 2007 was 49% and.
Social Capital and Early Childhood Development Evidence from Rural India Wendy Janssens Washington, 20 May 2004.
Repeat Pregnancy in HIV Positive Indian Women Nishi Suryavanshi 1 Ashwini Erande 1, Hemlata Pisal 1, Anita V. Shankar 2, Robert C. Bollinger 3, Mrudula.
Fertility Regulation Behaviors and Their Costs Elizabeth Lule Washington, DC July 16, 2008.
National Institute of Population Studies Islamabad.
Need and Use of FP A secondary analysis of the 2008 Nigeria DHS.
HIV Prevention in Kenya: Lessons Learned from the 2007 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey Carol Ngare KAIS TWG Member, NASCOP-MOH Prevention Summit 2008 HIV Prevention.
PRESENTED AT RECONVENING BANGKOK: 2007 TO 2010-PROGRESS MADE AND LESSIONS LEARNED IN SCALING UP FP-MNCH BEST PRACTICES IN THE ASIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST.
Factors influencing transition to marriage among females in the Kassena-Nankana District, Ghana University of Cape Coast – Navrongo DSS Collaborative Team.
Rwanda: The impact of conflict on fertility Kati Schindler & Tilman Brück Gender and Conflict Research Workshop 10/06/2010.
Exploring Relationships between Gender Attitudes, Couple Concordance, and Family Planning in Tanzania Geeta Nanda, DrPH, MHS Sidney Ruth Schuler, PhD Rachel.
Sterilisation uptake in the Dominican Republic: are women begging for it? Tiziana Leone Department of Social Policy.
The Big Picture: Trends In Protective Behaviour Among Young Women John Cleland.
Access and Control over Land in Rwanda An Intrahousehold Analysis Florence Santos, Diana Fletschner and Vivien Savath March 2014.
Men’s abortion attitudes in the context of HIV in Zambia Megan L. Kavanaugh, Oyedunni Arulogun, Isaac Adewole, Adesina Oladokun and Kumbutso Dzekedzeke.
5 th NATIONAL PAEDIATRIC HIV/AIDS CONFERENCE th Hotel Africana, Kampala-Uganda Presentation Title: Awareness about Paediatric HIV Services in Uganda.
Impact of Secondary Schooling on Malnutrition and Fertility Syed Rashed Al Zayed, Yaniv Stopnitzky, Qaiser Khan.
Household Context and Subjective Well-being among the Oldest-Old in China Feinian Chen Department of Sociology Texas A&M University Susan E. Short Department.
Out-migration of Young Adults and Living Arrangements of the Elderly in Rural China: The Case of Chaohu Merril Silverstein Andrus Gerontology Center University.
Consistency in reporting contraception between spouses in Bangladesh: evidence from recent demographic and health survey Mohammad Amirul Islam Sabu S.
UNFPA Biskhek Office, 27/09/05 БРАЧНОСТЬ, РОЖДАЕМОСТЬ И МИГРАЦИЯ В КЫРГЫЗСТАНЕ MARRIAGE, CHILDBEARING, AND MIGRATION IN KYRGYZSTAN Sociodemographic Study.
TUVALU DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY OUTLINE  Background  Questionnaire  Sensitive questions  Training  Indicators.
GENDER ROLES, EQUALITY AND TRANSFORMATIONS PROJECT INSTITUTE FOR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL SAVE THE CHILDREN Not.
1 Determinants of women's autonomy over sexual behaviors within marital relationships in contemporary Vietnam Hongyun Fu, MA Mai Do, MD, DrPH Lung Duy.
2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (AfDHS) Key Indicators Report.
Child marriage and female wellbeing in Bangladesh Erica Field (Duke), Rachel Glennerster, Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab Shahana Nazneem (Save the.
Partner violence among young adults in the Philippines: The role of intergenerational transmission and gender Jessica A. Fehringer Michelle J. Hindin Department.
Son preference, maternal health care utilization and infant death in rural China Jiajian Chen 1, Zhenming Xie 2, Hongyan Liu 2 1 East-West Center, USA,
Knowledge of Rural Married Women on Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission (MTCT) HIV in Udupi. Mrs. Suja Karkada MCON, Manipal.
Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011 Family Planning and Fertility Preferences.
INTER-SPOUSE COMMUNICATION AND CONTRACEPTIVE BEHAVIOR IN CAMEROON: A COUPLE-BASED ANALYSIS MBELLA MBELLA Cédric Stéphane Ministry of Economy, Planning.
Correlates of HIV testing among youth in three high prevalence Caribbean Countries Beverly E. Andrews, Doctoral Candidate University.
Social barriers to uptake of HIV testing in Côte d’Ivoire Kévin JEAN, France LERT, Rosemary DRAY-SPIRA Inserm UMR-S 1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Household Decision Making: Dynamics among Married Couples in India Archana More Sharma, PhD APHA Roundtable Presentation.
Introduction and Methodology
TÉKPONON JIKUAGOU ORIENTATION (DAY 3)
Children … are they not assets? An-Magritt Jensen, NTNU
The Impact of Male Migration on Women’s Reproductive Health Decisions
Fertility.
Presentation transcript:

The Influence of Perceptions of Community Norms on Current Contraceptive Use among Men and Women in Ethiopia and Kenya Michelle Dynes 1. Rob Stephenson 1, Marcie Rubardt 2, Feven Tassew 3, Rosemary Mbaluka 4 Presented by Darcy White 1 1 Rollins School of Public Health,USA 2 CARE USA, 3 CARE Ethiopia, 4 CARE Kenya

Background  Of the many settings with continued low contraceptive prevalence, Sub-Saharan Africa continues to demonstrate the greatest gaps in contraceptive use by economic status, residence, and educational level (Ortayli & Malarcher, 2010).  Contraceptive use in the region has not risen significantly in the past decade (Creanga et al., 2011).

Background  The influence of the community on reproductive health has primarily been studied with an emphasis on SES, exposure to media, and quality of health services (Maticka-Tyndate & Tenkorang, 2010; Hogan & Biratu, 2004; Stephenson, Beke, & Tshibangu, 2008).  Gap in the research:  What is the role of community norms?  How do individuals perceive community norms?  How does this compare to personal ideals and behaviors?

Research Questions  How do perceptions of community norms influence contraceptive use among men and women in rural areas of Ethiopia and Kenya?  To what extent do differences in individual desires and community norms increase contraceptive use?

Study Setting  Ethiopia: West Hararghe and East Hararghe zones of the Oromia region  Total fertility rate: 6.2  Contraceptive prevalence rate: 13.5%  Kenya: Siaya district in Nyanza Province  Total fertility rate: 5.4  Contraceptive prevalence rate: 37%

Data and Methodology  Results Initiative Baseline Data (RIBD), collected by CARE International and Emory University in 2009  Household survey:  60 villages/settlements per country  Approx. 10 married women and 5 married men years old per village  Final sample:  Ethiopia: 520 women, 300 men  Kenya: 655 women, 301 men

Survey Questionnaire  Current modern contraceptive use (yes/no)  Family Planning Approval Index (8 items)  In general, I approve of couples using family planning to avoid or delay a pregnancy.  I think that most of my friends in this community would approve of couples using family planning to avoid or delay a pregnancy.  A woman who uses contraception will be unfaithful to her husband.  A man who lets his wife use contraceptives will lose control of her.

Survey Questionnaire  Questions to measure community norms  What is the number of sons people in the community want to have?  What is the number of daughters people in the community want to have?  Questions to measure personal preferences and ideals  What is the number of sons you would ideally have?  How many sons do you actually have?  Difference variables  Represent the differential between perceptions of community ideals and their own ideals and actual experiences

Analysis  Final analysis samples:  Ethiopia: 405 women, 273 men  Kenya: 546 women, 288 men  Data analyzed using STATA 11 (StataCorp, 2009)  Logistic regression  Outcome: current modern contraceptive use (CCU)  Key covariates: gender and fertility ideals  Control variables: age, educational attainment, current employment status

Sample Characteristics EthiopiaKenya Women (n=405) Men (n=273) Women (n=546) Men (n=288) Age (yrs) (18-45) (18-56) (18-45) (20-45) Education (yrs) 0.68 (0-9) 2.36 (0-14) 7.59 (1-20) 8.01 (0-18) Number of Children 4.22 (0-12) 4.06 (0-12) 3.63 (0-10) 3.35 (0-12) Age at Marriage (10-28) (12-40) (11-39) (14-37) Current Contracept. Use (%) Community Ideal # Sons 3.16 (0-10) 2.96 (1-10) 2.35 (0-12) 2.75 (0-20) Community Ideal # Daughters 2.94 (0-9) 2.62 (0-7) 2.30 (0-12) 2.44 (0-10) FP Approval Index (0-8) 5.46 (1-9) 6.05 (1-9) 5.66 (1-9) 5.56 (1-9)

Key Findings of Regression Analysis Family Planning Approval Index Score Community Ideal # sons – own ideal # Community Ideal # sons – own actual # Community Ideal # daughters – own ideal # Community Ideal # daughters – own actual #

Discussion  Women who have fewer sons than the perceived community ideal are less likely to report use of contraception Knowledge contribution: Son preference appears to have a more potent influence on women’s contraceptive use than on men’s

Discussion  A lower personal ideal number of sons in the context of perceived high communal ideals is associated with greater contraceptive use among women Knowledge contribution: This finding provides evidence for the existence of a subset of women whose own fertility preferences play a greater role in influencing contraceptive use than local fertility expectations—POSITIVE DEVIANCE

Conclusions  Community attitudes set normative scripts around reproductive health behaviors  While a majority of women follow these scripts, there is a subset of women who deviate from the norms.  Further research is needed to understand the factors motivating positive deviance and to understand why such deviance is more potent in shaping women’s contraceptive use than men’s.