Tobacco

A High-Risk Behavior

1 in 5 teens smokes 1 million teens start every year Everyday 6,000 light their 1 st 3,000 become regular smokers

9 in 10 adults smokers began as teens – unable to stop 1/3 will die from smoke- related causes 2.6 million packs sold illegally to minors everyday

Addiction Physiological or psychological dependence on a substance or activity – that is difficult to shake

Nicotine Addictive drug in cigarettes Raises blood pressure Increases heart rate

Stimulate Drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs

Tar Thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns. 1 pack a day for one year = 1 quart of tar Destroys cilia – hair-like projections that keep respiratory tract clear

Carcinogens Cancer-causing substances 43 in tobacco

Carbon monoxide Colorless, odorless, poisonous gas in cigarette smoke that passes through the lungs into the blood. Blood likes better that oxygen

Chemicals in tobacco Cyanide – rat poison Formaldehyde – preserves dead things Arsenic – poison Nicotine – poison used in insecticide Chemicals that make paint, toilet cleaner, & car antifreeze

Smokeless tobacco Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose or chewed 10 x’s the carcinogens into the bloodstream than cigarettes Cancer of lip, mouth or throat; teeth and gum damage; damage to digestive system

Pipes and Cigars Inhale less smoke Develop cancers of lip, mouth and throat

Specialty Cigarettes Have other ingredients added Strong tobacco and spices Contain more cancer-causing tars Clove cigarettes – 2 x’s the tar and nicotine – linked to lung problems and deaths

Facts and Dates 17,000 kids under five are hospitalized each year due to their parent’s smoking 1 Jan Ban TV and radio ads for smoking

1970 – warning labels on cigarettes 1972 – warnings on advertisements bans smoking on domestic flights

Diseases of Respiratory System

Chronic bronchitis Bronchi are irritated – cilia become useless – tar builds up – chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion

Emphysema Destruction of tiny air sacs – more breaths are required – instead of using 5 % of energy to breathe one uses 80%

Lung Cancer Cilia are destroyed – extra mucus cannot be expelled – develops a cough – Cancerous cell grow, block bronchi, cancer can travel to other areas of the body

Dangers of smokeless Tobacco

leukoplakia Thickened, white, leathery- appearing spots on the inside of a smokeless tobacco user’s mouth that can develop into cancer of the mouth.

Oral cancer strikes about 30,000 U.S. a year Only 50% survive longer that 5 years Nicotine in smokeless tobacco is as addictive

Users secrete more saliva Unconsciously swallowed – tar and harmful chemicals into digestive and urinary systems Tobacco juices delay healing of wounds

Smokeless tobacco users also tend to show greater tooth wear that nonusers - Gums are pushed away from teeth - Roots are exposed Decrease that ability to smell and taste – salty and sweet

Passive smoke Cigarette, cigar, or pipe smoke inhaled by nonsmokers as well as smoke that remains in a closed environment after the smoker is through smoking

Causes eye irritation, headaches, & coughing. More ear infections, asthma attacks & other respiratory problems Aggravates existing heart and lung diseases

3,000 people die annually from lung cancer because of exposure to others’ smoke

Main-stream smoke Smoke that a smoker blows off

Sidestream smoke Smoke that comes from burning tobacco

Smoking during Pregnancy

At least 6,200 children die each year because their parents smoke. 2,800 die because of low birth weight 1,100 die from respiratory infections

Nicotine passes through the placenta, constricting the blood vessels CO reduces the oxygen level’s in the blood Small fetal growth

Growth and developmental problems Nicotine can pass through breast milk Asthma among infants and young children

Rights of nonsmoker Express your preference Choosing nonsmoking places Responsibility for their own health

Strategies for quitting

Nicotine withdrawal Process that occurs when nicotine, an addictive drug, is no longer used

Withdrawal symptoms Irritability Depression Restlessness Poor concentration Increased appetite Light headedness Night-time awakenings craving

Benefits 20 min. – blood pressure and heart rate – normal 8 hours – Nicotine and CO reduce by half 24 hours – CO eliminated from body

48 hours – no nicotine left in body – taste and smell improve 72 hours – breathing becomes easier – energy levels increase 2-12 weeks – circulation improves 3-9 months – breathing problems improve

1 year – hearth attack ½ that of a smoker 10 years – lung cancer ½ that of a smoker 15 years – heart attack falls to the same as someone who has never smoked

Nicotine substitutes Nicotine gum Nicotine patch Nicotine nasal spray Nicotine inhalers