Anti-authoritarian movements in West Germany
„1968 was the fall from grace which brought the Germans foreigners, feminism and other horrors“ Rainer Zittelmann „The spirit of 1968 civilized the Germans“ and „the late 60s are a social refoundation of the republic“ Antje Vollmer
Domestic problems leading to the formation of the APO Deployment of nuclear weapons in Germany (1958) „The German education catastrophe“ (1964) Spiegel affair (1962) – debate about freedom of press Grand coalition (1966) formation of APO 1966
Außerparlamentarische Opposition APO
APO
Death of student Benno Ohnesorg 1967
Leader of the student movement Rudi Dutschke
Baader-Meinhof-Gang / Rote Armee Fraktion Andreas Baader Gudrun Ensslin Ulrike Meinhof Train in the Near East (links with PLO) Attack Axel Springer (populist editor), US military bases, symbols of capitalism
„German autumn“ RAF trials Second generation of terrorists try to free the accused They kidnap and assassinate Buback, Ponto and Schleyer in 1977
Anti-nuclear movement Oil crisis in 1973: German government decides to build 40 new nuclear power plants „If a nuclear power plant was to be built not far from where you live – would you approve or disapprove of it?“
Campaigners in Wackersdorf
Peace movement Bonn 1983
Die Grünen 1983: coalition with SPD in Hessen (Joschka Fischer secretary for the environment) 1983: first appearance in Bundestag 1998: coalition with SPD in Berlin (Bonn) (Joschka Fischer secretary of state)
Joschka Fischer, secretary of state
Joschka Fischer…
Joschka Fischer…
Squatters in the 70s and 80s
Campaigners (including Heinrich Böll) at Mutlangen 1983
Debate about article 218 / abortion 1972 „Stern“debate 1974 legislation allows abortion within first three months 1975 revocation by Federal Constitutional Court 1976 abortion criminal offense unless there is an „indication“
Population change: surplus of births (+) / deaths (-) in the FRG
„Guestworkers“ 1955: Italy 1960:Greece, Spain 1961: Turkey 1964: Portugal 1968: Yugoslavia
Guestworkers in the FRG
Guestworkers in the FRG (mio)
Settling in ?
Still a guestworker after 40 years?