World History Unit 1A Absolutism and Scientific Revolution Ch.5 and 6.1

5.1 Absolutism every aspect Divine Right- represent God Why? Decline of feudalism World was crazy Fear of God

Spain Isabella & Ferdinand Spanish Inquisition United Spain Charles V (Hapsburg) Grandson Germany (Holy Roman Empire) Catholic Phillip II Crazy Catholic El Escorial Spanish Armada

Spain Art El Greco- Catholic Faith Velazquez- Monarchy Miguel de Cervantes- Don Quixote Modern European Novel

Spain Problems Economic- inflation tax on poor Dutch- Revolt Protestant vs. Catholic William of Orange Flood Gates United Provinces of Netherlands (Republic) England Defeat of Armada Tried to kill Elizabeth I

France Bourbon Family Henry IV- Henry of Navarre Protestant “Paris is Worth a Mass” Louis XIII & Cardinal Richelieu (minister) 30 Year War (won) Weakened Nobles Edict of Nantes

France Louis XIV & Cardinal Mazarin 5yr old, “Boy King” The Fronde The “Sun King” “I am the State” Got rid of Edict of Nantes Weakened Nobles Debt, Abuse of Power Lost War of Spanish Succession (Eng/HRE)

Versailles Lavish Gold Fountains Apollo Gardens Spy on Nobles Glorify King

Austria Hapsburgs Maria Theresa (Charles VI daughter) War of Austrian Succession (Silesia) Prussia attacked, won war lost Silesia Increase Army Catholic Decrease power of Nobility 7 years War- lost

Prussia Hohenzallerns Frederick William I Great Elector Standing Army Permanent tax Soldier King Military Society Junkers-land owning nobility

Prussia Frederick II (The Great) practical atheist religious tolerance legal reform foreign affairs

Russia Ivan IV (The Terrible) 1533 Csar/Tsar (Ceasar) added land code of laws boyars secret police

Russia Peter the Great (Romanov) Grand Embassy Church under state westernize army navy lower class loyal reduced landowners power St. Petersburg Clothes Education Potato Waterway for trade newspaper

Russia Catherine the Great school for girls increase size of Russia

England Elizabeth I Renaissance Restored Anglican Church Debt James I (Cousin, King of Scotland)

Charles I *James I son *Asked parliament for $ *NO *Got rid of parliament *Recalled parliament *Petition of Rights – Due cause – No quartering of soldiers – Signed it, got money, then ignored it * Forced Anglican Church on Puritans *Presbyterians (Scotland) got army

Civil War Charles fled Royalists (Cavaliers) support King Roundheads, Parliament, Puritans wanted King out Oliver Cromwell led Roundheads and won Beheaded Charles I Cromwell became dictator Got rid of fun, killed Irish Died

The Restoration of Charles II 1660 Fun Habeas Corpus Heir was a Catholic= James, brother 1 st political parties emerge Whigs – no blood line Tories – James and blood line James becomes King

The Glorious Revolution James was Catholic King Had Protestant daughter, Mary Mary was married to William of Orange from the Netherlands Parliament brought W & M to England Bloodless overthrow of James James left It was “Glorious” to have a Protestant King & Queen back

Constitutional Monarchy Laws limit the monarch’s power English Bill of Rights Cabinet Prime Minister- Robert Walpole

30 Years War Religious Conflict Increased power of France Weakening of Spain & Austria Devastation of Germany (HRE) Religion, land and power among ruling families

Scientific Revolution Heliocentric- Copernicus Francis Bacon- reason from abstract theories Isaac Newton-gravity, clock Scientific Method-Observe, question, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion Improvements in medicine and scientific instruments

Unit 1B The Enlightenment Chapter 6.2 & 6.3

The Enlightenment in Europe Scientific Revolution Age of Reason – Emphasis reason and thought

Two Views on Government Thomas Hobbes Leviathon Social contract Needed Absolute monarchy John Locke Two Treatises of Government Government by consent Natural Rights Universal Moral Law

Philosophes Thinkers of new ideas Use reason Use logic Progress Liberty

Voltaire Candide Freedom of religion Freedom of Speech “I disapprove of what you say but I defend you to the death your right to say it”

Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws Separation of powers Three branches of government Checks & balances Power should be a check to power

Rousseau The Social Contract Direct democracy (Anarchy) All people are equal Civilization corrupts

Beccaria On Crime and Punishment Criminal justice NO death penalty No torture Punishment should fit the crime

Women Mary Wollstonecraft Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) Women need education Marie Lavosiour Helped her husband Emilie Chatelet Translated Newton to french

Impact of the Enlightenment Three Long Term Effects Belief in Progress- end slavery, prison reform More Secular Outlook- Deism, tolerance Importance of the Individual- Methodist, Adam Smith (Capitalism, Invisible Hand)

Spread of Enlightenment Salons Diderot Books Letters Visits (William Penn, The United Nations) Middle Class develop

Art Baroque Grand, ornate, overwhelming emotion Bach, Handel Rococo Over the top elaboration Versailles Neoclassical Order, balance, simple elegance, architecture, classic Roman and Greek

Music Hayden- symphany Mozart- operas Beethoven- piano symphonies

Literature Novels Vernacular Plot, suspense Robinson Crusoe

Enlightened Despots Rule fairly and just, absolute Supports enlightened ideas No intention of giving up power Make the country and himself stronger

Frederick the Great Prussia Abolish torture Decrease censorship

Joseph II Austria Freedom of the press Freedom to worship Abolished serfdom

Catherine the Great Russia School for girls