Bullet Points p. 303 Read pgs

Ch 8 Sec 1 I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW PRESIDENT WASHINGTON SET THE COURSE FOR THE NEW NATION

A New Nation Washington becomes President April 30, 1789 Government consisted of Congress, President, VP, 75 post offices, a few clerks and 672 soldiers Congress passes laws for 1. Department of Treasury 2. Department of State 3. Department of war

The Cabinet Thomas Jefferson – Sec of State Alexander Hamilton – Sec of Treasury Henry Knox – Sec of War Edmund Randolph – Attorney General

The Courts Washington appoints Supreme Court John Jay – First Chief Justice

Economic Crisis U.S. owed $52 million Money owed to bond holders Many bond holders had sold to speculators

How Do We Pay Hamilton had a plan 1. U.S. would pay all debts 2. Create a National Bank 3. High tariffs

Opposition Some states had already paid their debts National bank might be unconstitutional Southerners opposed as it would hurt them – congress did not pass high tariff

TAXES Country needs money Congress passes Whiskey tax Farmers objected – refused to pay tax Mobs march on Philadelphia Washington calls out militia to stop violence

Bullet Points p. 303Read pgs

Ch 8 Sec 2 I can understand how two political parties emerged

Political Parties Emerge No one wanted political parties Thought they would destroy new country Washington warned against political parties

Political Parties Emerge Two parties formed with 2 leaders. THOMAS JEFFERSON REPUBLICANS ALEXANDER HAMILTON FEDERALISTS p. 291

Republicans Drew strength from southern planters, northern farmers, artisans Madison and Jefferson leaders Jefferson resigned Secretary of State

Federalists Drew strength from merchants, ordinary workers, northern property owners Hamilton a key leader Washington supports Hamilton

Federalists Order Government Present administration (Support Washington)

Republican attacks on Federalists Accused Federalists of being against Constitution Accused Federalists of wanting to bring back a king

Taking sides FEDERALISTS 1.National bank 2.High tariffs 3.Ties with England REPUBLICANS 1.Against National Bank 2.Against high tariffs 3.Ties with France

Election of 1796 JOHN ADAMS - FEDERALISTTHOMAS JEFFERSON - REPUBLICAN

Bullet Points p. 303Read pgs

Ch 8 Sec 3 I can understand how the actions of Britain and France affected the U.S.

CONFLICTS NORTHWEST TERRITORY Treaty of Paris said 1.U.S. owns from Atlantic to Mississippi 2.British still had forts and would not leave 3.British gave guns to Indians

War in the West Whites moved into the Northwest Territory in the 1790’s Ignored treaties the U.S. had signed with Indian Nations They took over Indian lands

Battle at Fallen Timbers Indians attacked settlers White settlers took revenge President Washington sent an army After setbacks, U.S. defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers

Treaty of Greenville 1795, Indians gave up land that would later become Ohio Indian nations got $20,000 and the promise of more money if they kept the peace

The French Revolution

The French Monarchy King Louis XVI Absolute Monarch Abused Power

ABUSES Common people paid heavy taxes Nobles paid none Common people had few rights

The Bastille is Destroyed! July 14, 1789 French Independence Day Peasants’ Revolt

A Turn for the Worst 1793 The “Reign of Terror” begins King Louis XVI is beheaded Thousands of French Citizens are Executed

GuillotIneGuillotIne

American Opinion Violence Splits America’s Opinion Support the spread of Liberty Disapprove of the Violence Washington & Hamilton against Jefferson remains supportive “Half of the earth devastated in order to win liberty of the whole.”

To Make Matters Worse ENGLAND AND FRANCE GO TO WAR

AND THEN 1.Britain captures American ships 2.Forces sailors to fight for British (Impressment)

American Response American Neutrality President Washington “It is the sincere wish of the United States of America to have nothing to do with the squabbles of European Nations.”

America’s Decision Neutrality Proclamation 1793 Ally with None Trade with all Minus Britain and France Beginning of American Neutrality

A policy of neutrality Britain, Austria, Prussia, the Netherlands, and Spain got involved in the War U.S. and France sign treaty allowing French to use U.S, ports Washington issues Neutrality Proclamation in April, 1793

Jay’s Treaty Enforcing neutrality not easy Warring nations ignored the rights of neutral ships 1793 British captured more then 250 American ships in the French West Indies

Jay’s Treaty British –Pay damages for American ships seized in 1793 –Give up forts in the Ohio Valley United States –Pay debts to British merchants, owed from before the Revolution

Washington Departs 8 years – Washington retires Attacked in the press Warned nation - don’t get involved in Europe Don’t form political parties

Bullet Points p. 303Read pgs

Ch 8 Sec 4 I can understand how problems with France intensified the split between Federalists and Republicans

Problems with France French angry about Jays treaty French ships start attacking American ships

A New President John Adams elected President France angry that U.S. did not support them

XYZ Affair Adams sends diplomats to France to solve problem French diplomats want a ¼ million dollar bribe to even talk about it Adams refuses and people find out about it Americans say NO MONEY

Anger Federalists want war with France Adams sends diplomats to France Agreement to stop attacking American ships Avoided war but Federalists angry

Alien & Sedition Acts Federalist concerned about immigrants Feared may back Republicans New law increased residence time from 5 to 14 years to become citizen New law prohibited speech against President or Congress

Alien & Sedition Acts Law focusing on Republicans Adams signs Few convicted Law expired in 1801

States Rights Some states opposed laws Passed state laws NULLIFYING federal laws Supreme Court makes no decision Right of states to oppose Federal laws unclear