Chapter 2 -

England – 17 th Century Turmoil over crown authority and parliamentary authority Glorious Revolution –  established modern English parliamentary democracy  No absolute power for monarchs  Bill of Rights

England – 17 th Century Bicameral – Parliament Local initiative – office of justices of the peace and sheriff Only taxed through consent of Parliament MAGNA CARTA – people had rights that a monarch could not violate. Common Law – decisions made by judges became precedents for later decisions Warrants Trial by jury of peers

England – 17 th Century Good for business...  Joint stock companies – stockholders shared risk and profits Bad for common people...  Population explosion  Enclosure movement – evict serfs/tenants in favor for sheep

Meaning of Words Practice The ranks of entrepreneurs and adventurers were constantly replenished by the younger sons of the squirearchy, cut off from the estate that the oldest inherited according to the law of primogeniture. Tall and broad-shouldered, James I was conceited, profligate, and lazy. Powhatan realized too late that the newcomers intended to seize his lands and subjugate his people.

Synonyms - profligate dissolute - rakish - wasteful - licentious - prodigal

English Attempts to Colonize Roanoke – 1587 Roanoke  Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored 100 colonists led by John White  Three years later – all colonists gone  Virginia Dare – first English child born in New World Jamestown – 1607  Men arrived at Chesapeake Bay  Funded by Virginia Company  Gave men equal rights regardless of class (setting foundations for rev

Failure… Jamestown nearly failed because: 1. Conflict with the Native Americans 2. Unprepared – most men lacked skills and were not accustomed to hard-work 3. Location – standing water bred mosquitoes with disease 4. Starvation – bad droughts added to lack of preparedness 5. Lack of leadership

Statistics December, people left England May, 1607 – 101 colonists landed in Jamestown May, 1608 – Less than 60 colonists left August, 1609 – 400 new colonists land in Jamestown May, 1610 – Only 60 colonists remained

Tobacco saved Jamestown Headright –  buy a share in Virginia Company and get 50 acres  Way to attract immigrants  Wealthy received 50 acres for each indentured servant Indentured Servants  Contracts lasted 5-7 years  Promised “freedom dues”  Forbidden to marry  : only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts! 1619 – first evidence of slaves in Jamestown

Virginia 1624 – Virginia became royal colony Commission appointed by king recommended dissolution of Virginia Company Sir William Berkeley – governor for 34 years By 1650, there were 15,000 residents of Virginia. Largest planters – most fertile land Freed servants –  less fertile along frontier  settlement provoked Natives  No militia support given to them by wealthy

Bacon's Rebellion protest against Native American raids on the frontier protest against policies of favoritism shown by the Royal Governor of Virginia, William Berkeley. Jamestown was burned Bacon died of lice 23 men were hanged. Berkeley being recalled to England to answer for the local problems.

1. Virginia 2. Maryland 3. Massachusetts 4. Rhode Island 5. Connecticut 6. New Hampshire 7. South Carolina 8. New York 9. New Jersey 10. Pennsylvania/Delaware 11. Georgia 12. North Carolina

Virginia Arrived in Jamestown on May 6, 1607 Jamestown failed because of lack of food Virginia’s main purpose was tobacco July 30, 1619-first General Assembly of Virginia 1 st blacks known to reach America in 1619 Captain Tucker poisoned Indian’s drinks and burned village Virginia became colony in 1624 and Berkely was governor, who rose taxes and treated common man unfairly Bacon rebellion resulted in new lands open for colonists

New England – cold, long, hard winters; short, mild summers; rocky soil Middle Colonies – cold winters; long, hot summers; rich soil Southern Colonies – long, hot summers; short, mild winters, rich soil Climate plays a big role in shaping history, culture, economy of a particular place.

Diversity of Colonies New England, Middle Colonies, and the South – all developed distinct economies. New England – cities, trade, smaller and more diverse farming Middle – diverse, farming, trading Southern – cash crops, large plantations, few cities

Charter Colony – grant charter to individual or trading company by crown. Virginia Rhode Island Connecticut Massachusetts Bay Colony Proprietary Colony – granted land to individuals or groups Pennsylvania Maine Maryland New York New Jersey Royal Colony – controlled by the crown and ruled by appointed governor and governing council By 1775, only Pennsylvania and Maryland retained their proprietary status, and only Connecticut and Rhode Island remained charter colonies.

Roanoke and Jamestown Most settlers came for economic reasons!

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Most settlers came for religious reasons!

New England Colonies

The 16 th century Reformation (reform church) caused a split in the Christian Church; Catholics and Protestants One extreme group of Protestant reformers – the Puritans wanted to “purify” their religion of all traces of Catholicism King James I – thought Puritans were threat and wanted them expelled Historical Background

Pilgrims/Puritans/Separatists 35 Puritans set sail on the Mayflower in 1620 Indentured to Virginia Company (7 years) Landed on Cape Cod Before getting off ship – made a compact called the Mayflower Compact Ideas of rule of majority and separation of church and state in this document = some of U.S. founding principles

What about Thanksgiving???? Thanksgiving was made into a national holiday during the Civil War Abraham Lincoln felt that it would boost patriotism

Puritans Wanted to be free to worship as they wanted - study bible, listen to sermons, and examine lives and world for clues of God’s will Predestination - God had already chosen who would be in heaven or hell, and each believer had no way of knowing which group they were in.

Salem Witch Trials 1692 – Salem, Massachusetts Increasing family size fueled disputes over land between neighbors and within families Women subservient to their men = women more likely to enlist in the Devil's service than a man was Small town atmosphere = people's opinions about their neighbors were generally accepted as fact "Children should be seen and not heard"

Hysteria in Salem led to 20 people being executed for witchcraft. HOW and WHY did this happen?