APES Initial Activity (1A) Chapter 1

APES I.A. (1A) Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas? A) H2O B) CO2 C) O2 D) CH4 E) CFCs Which statement is most accurate? A) O3 near the surface of Earth protects us from UV radiation. B) O3 in the stratosphere protects us from harmful radiation from the Sun. C) Exposure to O3 increases one’s risk of skin cancer. D) O3 is added to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels. E) O3 can form in the deep ocean. (two more on next slide as well……) 

APES I.A. (1A) (cont.) 3. What did the Kyoto Protocol propose to regulate? A) The emissions of greenhouse gases B) Ozone depletion C) Loss of biological habitats D) Aid to developing nations E) Use of natural resources Which term describes a species in imminent danger of disappearing forever? A) Extinct B) Endangered C) Threatened D) Invasive E) Exotic

APES I.A. (1A) (cont.) 5. What role do CFCs play in the environment? A) They add O3 to the troposphere. B) They add O3 to the stratosphere. C) They lead to the depletion of stratospheric O3. D) They lead to the depletion of ground-level O3. E) They no longer pose a threat to the environment. 6. Why will melting the ice sheets and glaciers on Earth raise temperatures even more? A) The melted water will raise global sea levels. B) Snow reflects more heat than bare ground so more heat will be absorbed. C) Snow and ice absorb heat that leads to higher temperatures. D) The air will warm because there is less snow and ice. E) Climates will change.

APES I.A. (1A) (cont.) 7. What is the greatest threat to terrestrial species? A) Introduced species B) Climate change C) Pollutions D) Overharvesting E) Habitat destruction A species that is introduced to a new environment and thrives is called a(n) A) endangered species D) invasive species B) extinct species E) keystone species C) threatened species

APES I.A. (1A) (cont.) Which statement BEST summarizes the Tragedy of the Commons? A) Self-interests outweigh public interests. B) Public interests outweigh self-interests. C) It is all right to be selfish as long as you think of the big picture. D) It is a tragedy when biodiversity disappears. E) It is the responsibility of developed nations to help developing nations. Which of the following provides development aid to developing nations? A) The U.S. Congress B) The Kyoto Protocol C) The World Bank D) The Environmental Protection Agency E) The Endangered Species Act

Answers: Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas? A) H2O B) CO2 C) O2 D) CH4 E) CFCs Oxygen is present in the atmosphere but is not a greenhouse gas. The other four gases are greenhouse gases.

Which statement is most accurate? A) O3 near the surface of Earth protects us from UV radiation. B) O3 in the stratosphere protects us from harmful radiation from the Sun. C) Exposure to O3 increases one’s risk of skin cancer. D) O3 is added to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels. E) O3 can form in the deep ocean. Ozone near the surface is very harmful to animals and plants, so this eliminates choice (A). Exposure to ozone does not increase Sun cancer risks, although a decrease in the ozone layer will lead to more ultraviolet radiation on Earth that can increase your chances of cancer. Ozone is added to the atmosphere when nitrous oxides are broken down. Ozone needs sunlight to form, eliminating choice.

3. What did the Kyoto Protocol propose to regulate 3. What did the Kyoto Protocol propose to regulate? A) The emissions of greenhouse gases B) Ozone depletion C) Loss of biological habitats D) Aid to developing nations E) Use of natural resources The Kyoto Protocol called for a reduction of the use of greenhouse gases to 1990 levels. This may lead to a reduction in the ozone “hole,” but that was not its direct mission.

Which term describes a species in imminent danger of disappearing forever? A) Extinct B) Endangered C) Threatened D) Invasive E) Exotic If a species is extinct, it is gone forever. Endangered species are in danger of becoming extinct. Threatened species are reaching a level where they may become endangered. Invasive and exotic species are the same thing. They are nonnative species that have been introduced to a new ecosystem.

5. What role do CFCs play in the environment? A) They add O3 to the troposphere. B) They add O3 to the stratosphere. C) They leaqd to the depletion of stratospheric O3. D) They lead to the depletion of ground-level O3. E) They no longer pose a threat to the environment. Chlorofluorocarbons break down in the stratosphere, releasing chlorine atoms that speed up the destruction of ozone. They do not add ozone to any part of the atmosphere. Because the chlorine atoms are not destroyed in the upper atmosphere, they remain in the environment for a very long time.

6. Why will melting the ice sheets and glaciers on Earth raise temperatures even more? A) The melted water will raise global sea levels. B) Snow reflects more heat than bare ground so more heat will be absorbed. C) Snow and ice absorb heat that leads to higher temperatures. D) The air will warm because there is less snow and ice. E) Climates will change. Snow does reflect more heat and sunlight, so without the snow more heat will be absorbed. It is true that global sea levels will increase, but this will not directly impact the temperature. Climate will change, but that is a result in the increase of temperature, not a cause.

7. What is the greatest threat to terrestrial species 7. What is the greatest threat to terrestrial species? A) Introduced species B) Climate change C) Pollutions D) Overhearvesting E) Habitat destruction Habitat destruction, the clear-cutting of forests especially, is the greatest threat to terrestrial species. The rest are factors but are not as prevalent.

A species that is introduced to a new environment and thrives is called a(n) A) endangered species D) invasive species B) extinct species E) keystone species C) threatened species Endangered and threatened species are species that exist in low numbers. Extinct species no longer exist.

Which statement BEST summarizes the Tragedy of the Commons? A) Self-interests outweigh public interests. B) Public interests outweigh self-interests. C) It is all right to be selfish as long as you think of the big picture. D) It is a tragedy when biodiversity disappears. E) It is the responsibility of developed nations to help developing nations. It would be nice if either (B) or (C) were the correct choices, but that is not the point that Garret Hardin was trying to make when he wrote his article titled “The Tragedy of the Commons.”

Which of the following provides development aid to developing nations? A) The U.S. Congress B) The Kyoto Protocol C) The World Bank D) The Environmental Protection Agency E) The Endangered Species Act The U.S. Congress oversees the projects that the World Bank takes on.