Chapter 9 Sustaining Biodiversity The Species Approach

1 Legal and illegal capture and sale of wild species of plants and animals for huge profits Deforestation Habitat fragmentation Pollution Overexploitation Exotic pet trade

2 Caused by roads, logging, and urban development that reduces large habitats into smaller divided areas Deforestation Habitat fragmentation Pollution Overexploitation Exotic pet trade

3 A biodiversity hot spot is defined as: An island habitat that suffers from low immigration rates An area that has extinction rates lower than the global average An area that has suffered from wetland degradation Areas that are already highly endangered centers of biodiversity A tropical area near the equator

4 Still abundant in its natural range but is declining in numbers: Endemic species Endangered species Indicator species Threatened species Invasive species

5 Non-native Kudzu plants out-competing local southeastern plants for resources. Endemic species Endangered species Indicator species Threatened species Invasive species

6 Species that serve as early warnings that the ecosystem or community is being degraded Endemic species Endangered species Indicator species Threatened species Invasive species

7 Has so few individual survivors that the species could soon become extinct Endemic species Endangered species Indicator species Threatened species Invasive species

8 When a species is no longer found in an area it once inhabited but is found elsewhere in the world it is known as: Biological extinction Global extinction Ecological extinction Local extinction Mass extinction

9 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an endangered species: Specialized niches R-strategists High on the trophic level Rare Narrow distribution

10 Scientists have determined a species-area relationship that a 90% habitat loss causes the extinction of approximately 50% of the species in that habitat. This relationship model is based on the theory of: Natural selection Island biogeography Thermodynamics Evolution Conservation of energy

11 According to conservation biologists, which of the following is NOT a major cause of premature extinction? Habitat destruction Invasive species Human population growth Over-harvesting Natural disasters

12 Which of the ecosystems characteristics would be most vulnerable to invader species? I early successional systems II climate similar to habitat of invader III Low biodiversity I only II only III only I and II only I, II, and III

13 Severe damage to lichens is especially common in cities with chronic air pollution; lichens are sensitive to the toxic gases that are present in these pollutants. Lichens are an example of: a. Endangered species b. Indicator species c. Keystone species d. Invasive species e. Indigenous species

14 Small patches of habitat surrounded by areas of unsuitable habitat are known as Biomes Biodiversity hot spots Endangered islands Habitat islands Ecological easements

15 Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning invasive species? They are introduced species such as corn, wheat, and rice that supply a large % of US food supply Most invasive species have no natural predators or competitors in their new environment Invasive species are also referred to as biotic pollution Very few invasive species have any negative economic impact on the country affected Invasive species are introduced intentionally or accidentally to the new environment

16 The continuous natural extinction rate of species which is typically balanced by the formation of new species is known as: Mass extinction background extinction Ecological extinction Biological extinction Instrumental extinction

17 The passenger pigeon is an example of Extinct species Threatened species Endangered species Indicator species Endemic species

18 The captive breeding program was successfully used to increase what endangered species population? Brown pelican Bald eagle Passenger pigeon Dodo California condor

19 Areas that have been set aside for the protection of threatened or endangered species are known as: National parks National zoos National wildlife refuges National recreation areas National forest reserves

20 Concentrated areas of biodiversity and rare or potentially endangered species are called: Hot spots Ectones Biomes Ecological zones Natural captial

21 CITES is: a. An international treaty banning the hunting and trade of endangered species b. A set of regulations controlling the introduction of exotic species c. A pact that supports preservation of critical wildlife habitat d. An international organization dedicated to the preservation of endangered species e. A city-wide ordinance that regulates exotic pets in residential areas

22 The traditional consumption of bushmeat was once a sustainable practice, however all of the following have led to the overexploitation, EXCEPT: A rapidly growing populations Supplying local restaurants Access from logging roads Community destabilization due to HIV/AIDS Increased need to decline of fisheries

23 The listing of which species are considered endangered or threatened is the job of the following governmental organization(s) in the US: I National Marine Fisheries Service II US Fish and Wildlife Services III Environmental Protection Agency I only II only III only I and II I, II, and III

24 All of the following describe the US Endangered Species Act, EXCEPT: The Act was passed in 1973 and has been amended 3 times The decision to add a species to the Endangered Species List is determined by the US Park Service A species may not be placed on the Endangered Species List for economic or political reasons; it must be based on biological factors, such as destruction of habitat The Act makes it illegal for Americans to sell or buy any product made from an endangered or threatened species The Act gives private land owners incentives to preserve species found on land through compromise agreements such as Habitat Conservation Plans

25 Based on the graph, 50% of natural capital due to human activities are comprised of these two groups: Reptiles and Birds Plants and Mammals Mammals and Reptiles Fish and Birds Mammals and Fish

26 The value of an organism, species, or ecosystem based on its existence, regardless of its usefulness to humans, is its Instrumental value Intrinsic value Economic value Bequest value None of the above

27 Instrumental value of a species can be divided into use and nonuse values. Which of these is use value? Willingness of people to pay to protect natural capital for future generations Satisfaction derived from knowing that a species exist Ecological services provided by species, such as pollination by honeybees The beauty of natural scenery, such as a coral reef Inspiration provided by the sounds of birdsongs