Experimental Techniques Magnetization Specific heat Resistivity Low temperatures Small samples (~1 mg) High magnetic fields.

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Presentation transcript:

Experimental Techniques Magnetization Specific heat Resistivity Low temperatures Small samples (~1 mg) High magnetic fields

Physical Properties Measuring System (PPMS) Temperature 1.9 a 400 K Cost ~ U$ 300k Magnetic field H = 9 Tesla Continuos operation with remote access main experimental system

Magnetization

Resistivity Specific heat

Software control

Review - Magnetism in solids Principios fundamentales Temperature induced disorder Longe range order

weakly interacting electrons  the Curie-Weiss law Paramagnets  m = molar magnetic susceptibility  m = molar magnetic susceptibility C = Curie constant C = Curie constant  = Weiss constant  = Weiss constant  m = C/(T+  ) mmmm  m  = 0  Paramagnetic - independent spins  > 0  Ferromagnetic interactions  < 0  Antiferromagnetic interactions

Ferromagnets and Antiferromagnets mmmm non-frozen mmmm

Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish experimentally between different magnetic states An ordinary ferromagnet Isolated magnetic moments Canonical Spin-Glass

Slow dynamics in spin glasses Frequency dependence of the ac susceptibility Canonical Spin-Glass

Manganites Research areas: La 1-x Ca x MnO 3 CMR AFM Phase Separation

Phase separation in La 0.5 Ca 0.5 MnO 3 FM AFM-CO PMI FMM AFM-COI Tc TNTN PS

FM fraction depends on grain size of the polycrystalline sample

Structural determination with x-ray diffraction

Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sincrotron LNLS – Campinas, São Paulo

X-ray powder diffraction measurements high resolution

Data analysis with Rietveld refinment

Evolution of Mn-O-Mn bond angle and Mn-O bond lenght with increasing Sr concentent Results from Rietveld analysis x = 0.05

Capacitive Dilatometer Magnetostriction and thermal expansion measurements Experimental technique to proble volume changes in the compound

Volume reduction at the metamagnetic tansition

Resistivity relaxation after applying and removing Hdc DYNAMICS AFM time H (to go faster) La Pr 0.30 Ca MnO 3

Magnetocaloric materials Research areas: Prof. Angelo Gomes

El Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas PPMS

VSM SQUID Mili Kelvin

Preparación de materiales

Helio liquido

Postgrado en la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro Becas para maestría y doctorado accesible

Resistivity

The solid state refrigeration process (1) Sample at ambient temperature and magnetically disordered. (2) Sample orders in applied magnetic field: magnetic entropy (  SM) decreases forcing other types of entropy to increase, and causing the sample to heat up. (3) Convective cooling process (sample in air or liquid). (4) Sample at ambient temperature but magnetically ordered. (5) Sample removed from applied field, disordered, cooler than ambient (1) (2)(3) (4) (5)

Magnetic Entropy

Magnetic refrigerator - Simple (in principle)