Michigan High School Science Meap Test Biology Review

LE. Biology Evolution Benchmark 1 Describe what biologists consider to be evidence for human evolutionary relationships to selected animal groups.

Common types of evidence used hominid fossils vestigial structures DNA protein structure Key Concepts

Skeletal comparisons, such as: modern human to hominid fossils; Anatomical/biochemical similarities humans to other higher primates, such as: blood proteins Similarity of early human embryo stages to those of other vertebrates Vestigial structures, such as: appendix tail bone Real-world contexts

The human embryo and the embryos of other animals with backbones have gill slits. According to modern evolutionary theory, this best supports the ideas that A.fish are our closest relativesfish are our closest relatives B.all embryos breathe through gillsall embryos breathe through gills C. all animals with backbones are related by common ancestryall animals with backbones are related by common ancestry D. all organisms have gill slits at an early stage in their developmentall organisms have gill slits at an early stage in their development Go on to question two

A. fish are our closest relatives Incorrect: the question says animals with backbones. This would include many animals, not just fish. Our closest relatives are other primates, such as chimpanzees. Return to this question

B. all embryos breathe through gills Incorrect: at an embryo stage humans get their oxygen from the mother via the placenta and umbilical cord. Return to this question

C. all animals with backbones are related by common ancestry Correct: organisms who share embryonic traits also share a common ancestor. Common ancestry is one of the key ideas in evolutionary theory. Return to this question Go on to question two

D. all organisms have gill slits at an early stage in their development Incorrect: the question says animals with backbones, not all organisms. (all organisms would include bacteria, fungi, plants…) Return to this question

SpeciesNumber of differences in amino acids Human0 Frog67 Pig10 Gorilla1 Horse26 Look at the data table above. It shows the number of differences in the amino acids that make up the hemoglobin molecule found in several species when compared with human hemoglobin. Using the data table above which species is most closely related to humans? A. FrogFrog B. PigPig C. GorillaGorilla D. HorseHorse Return to Question One

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The correct answer is C gorilla. The more closely related two organisms are, the less differences they will have in their DNA and therefore their proteins. Since Gorillas have only one difference and the frog, pig, and horse have more than that, the human and gorilla are the closest. Return to this questionReturn to Question One

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