Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Achieving the Vision: From VII to IntelliDriveSM

Original vision for Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII): Achieving the Vision Original vision for Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII): Dramatic safety improvements Promise of revolutionary mobility improvements Achieved through wireless communication with & between vehicles This vision remains the same!

Achieving the Vision – VII The Original Plan Infrastructure was a central prerequisite Nationwide deployment Extensive number of installations Why? Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications promised dramatic safety gains But, it would take 15-20 years for fleet turnover to realize big benefits Infrastructure deployment thru vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) was a way to get benefits more quickly. Both V2V and V2I required a DSRC radio @5.9GHz in the vehicle and infrastructure Safety messages only used part of the bandwidth. Other applications – mobility & convenience – could also be accommodated with the same DSRC radio. A sound starting point, but: Would it work technically? Could it be practically implemented? Proof of Concept (POC) Test

Achieving the Vision – VII Proof of Concept Given the assumptions about VII, the proof of concept test focused on: Message exchanges using DSRC at 5.9 GHz Testing of draft DSRC standards “Stub” (partially developed) applications. Did not build or test full applications Small number of cars & only cars V2I-focused because of original assumptions POC proved that the basic technical concept would work. But could it be practically implemented?

Achieving the Vision – Could VII Be Practically Implemented? The Chicken and Egg Problem Why should Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) invest without the infrastructure? Without infrastructure, how could benefits be realized quickly? How could infrastructure be deployed? About 300,000 Roadside Equipment (RSE) needed nationwide to support all envisioned applications. Could infrastructure be installed quickly? Who will be responsible for operations and maintenance of the RSE? Who would provide the financial investment? How could thousands of jurisdictions be engaged in deployment? Three Big Dilemmas What comes first – vehicles or infrastructure? How do we get adequate penetration in the vehicle fleet to realize benefits? How do we deploy the infrastructure?

In the Meantime – An Explosion of Wireless Technology Proliferation of “smartphones” and other personal/mobile computing/communication devices (e.g, Blackberry; iPhone, etc) Greatly expanded communication capabilities provided by cellular telephone technology (i.e., 3rd Generation or 3G networks supporting text, voice and video data transmission at higher speeds) Applications capable of providing location-specific information (e.g., GPS-based; cellular-based location services such as shopping, weather, etc) Data Virtualization – Cloud computing and ubiquitous access Access to real-time information, search capabilities

Same Vision – New Pathways The vision has not changed – still safety, mobility and convenience through wireless technology We must determine the optimal pathway (s) to realize the vision

Same Vision – New Pathways Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

Safety Applications – The Game Changers Non-impaired Crashes: Two scenarios Within the U.S. to definition of the term “VII” is being broadened in scope to include multiple communication technologies. The purpose of this slide is to show how much of the safety problem can be addressed by the various cooperative systems. The pie charts show the percent of total crashes (2007 GES) that are addressed by the various cooperative systems. This is the crash population addressed we do not have effectiveness numbers yet Vehicle to Vehicle communications can address the majority of crash scenarios Vehicle to Infrastructure can address some of the same scenarios such as entering a curve at an unsafe speed. And V-I can actually address some scenarios that V-V can not such as Signal Violations at intersections Both of these systems have the potential for a high payoff in imminent crash situations. But in the imminent crash scenarios DSRC is needed. A new set of applications is under development that basically improve a drivers situational awareness. These will be applicable to crashes related to factors such as weather. SO their effectiveness will overlap with the other cooperative systems. The benefit of these systems is that they do not have the strict requirements of active safety systems and this will enable them to leverage the new technologies coming out of the consumer electronics industry. 12% 76% 100

Safety Applications: The Game Changers Research Questions Which comes first – cars or infrastructure? For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential Outcome of regulatory assessment may suggest that vehicle installation comes first

Same Vision – New Pathways Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

Safety Applications: The Game Changers Research Questions Which comes first – cars or infrastructure? For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation comes first How do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit? Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, & power) may offer opportunities “Here I Am” messages Different functionality, and easier to deploy Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clear

Same Vision – New Pathways Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

Safety Applications: The Game Changers Research Questions Which comes first – vehicles or infrastructure? For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation comes first How do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit? Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, & power) may offer opportunities “Here I Am” messages Different functionality, and easier to deploy Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clear How do we deploy infrastructure? V2V may not require DSRC wireless connectivity to roadway infrastructure ; Other wireless communication may be sufficient Infrastructure may become a spot safety application Signals, curves, other sites DSRC data can be integrated into mobility applications

Non-DSRC DSRC DSRC Same Vision – New Pathways Roadside Equipment to handle non-DSRC communications Does V2V require DSRC Infrastructure? If so, how much, where? If not, what are other infrastructure requirements? Non-DSRC DSRC DSRC

DSRC DSRC Same Vision – New Pathways What is the effectiveness of signal, phase & timing (SPaT) applications? Besides SPaT, what are other infrastructure applications? What are the infrastructure requirements? How is data integrated for mobility applications? DSRC DSRC

Same Vision – New Pathways Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

Same Vision – New Pathways Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

Technical Issues: Potential Game Changers Research Questions: What are the infrastructure requirements for V2V data security? Is DSRC required to connect vehicles to infrastructure for data security functionality? Are other communication technologies adequate? How much and what type of infrastructure is needed for data security? Is positioning technology adequate? V2V requires relative positioning; V2I requires absolute positioning Potential issues between differing GPS manufacturers Will IntelliDriveSM scale to accommodate all vehicles? Will DSRC radio channel switching (for safety & non-safety applications) work? Or, will a separate safety radio be required? Security messages may use significant communication overhead

Policy Issues: Evolving Research Needs Privacy Governance Funding Deployment approach Data Ownership Certification Sustainability, Risk & Liability

Not To Lose Sight of Weather & Environment Weather and Environmental Applications: All require data from vehicle systems May NOT require DSRC - Research Question Will need to transmit data to infrastructure to a data processing entity What data? How frequently? To whom? For what use? Research Questions

Same Vision – New Pathways Original Strategy Evolving Strategy

Same Vision – New Pathways 22

Summary – VII to IntelliDriveSM Vision remains the same New technology developments & research findings give us new pathways to the same vision DSRC capabilities are essential for safety (V2V & V2I) DSRC in aftermarket devices may be a way to accelerate benefits Non-DSRC data can be used now for mobility Technical issues remain that could be game changers DSRC for all uses (safety, mobility, weather and environment) may converge over time We need to hold the vision as research reveals the optimal pathway