India and China Establish Empire

 Mauryan Empire: Empire that united India after Alexander the Great  Askoa: Indian ruler who changed religion to Buddhism due to violence (100,000 Kalinga)  Tamil Region: Southern Tip of India  Gupta Empire: 2 nd major empire in India (northern)  Patriarchal/Matriarchal: Family lead by eldest male/eldest female  Silk Roads: Trade routs from China-West (Silk)  Civil Service: Government jobs obtained by taking examinations  Han Dynasty: Ruled China for 400 years (After Qin)  Assimilation: The process of making conquered people part of the “native” culture

 Chandragupta Maurya Builds an Empire  Chandragupta unifies North India  Defeated Selecus to gain control of all northern India  Running the Empire  Formed a bureaucracy to rule over various parts of the empire

 Took over for his father in 301 B.C.  Waged a long war to expand his kingdom to the south, over 200,000 killed  Turned to nonviolent Buddhism to atone for slaughter  Improved system of roads  Kingdom broke apart after Asoka died

 Chandra Gupta Builds an Empire  Formed a second Empire 500 years after the fall of the Mauryan Empire  Daily Life in India  Most people lived in small villages  Families were patriarchal, or head by the eldest male  Most people, farmed, water was always a concern (Monsoons)

 Chandra Gupta II rules for 40 years  Scholars achieved many advances in math, science, and the arts  Silk Road: Trade routes brought new ideas to India and spread Indian advancements to other regions  Cultural Diffusion Occurs  Kingdom broke up by nomadic invaders in 535 A.D.

 Buddhism and Hinduism loose followers  New Buddhism  Mahayana: New reformed teachings of Buddha  Theravada: Original teachings of Buddha  New Hinduism  One divine force and Gods represent parts of the force  Brahma: Creator  Vishnu: Preserver  Shiva: Destroyer

 The Han Dynasty Restores Unity of China  The Founding of the Han Dynasty 202 BC  Liu Bang defeats all opponents in civil war fall of Qin Dynasty  Established a Centralized Government, where one government controls empire  Lowered taxes, ended legalist rule  Future emperors expanded border almost to present day location

 Structures of Han Government  Formed a complicated bureaucracy  Confucianism, the Road to Success  Hopeful civil service workers would be hired based on their knowledge of Confucianism  Only wealthy sons could afford the necessary education

 Technology revolutionizes Chinese Life  Paper invented 105 AD  Improved agricultural tools  wheelbarrow  plow  grain mill  Agriculture Versus Commerce  Agriculture considered most important occupation  Government established monopolies, (total control over industry)  Silk was the most important industry  Wanted in the West

 Chinese encouraged assimilation, bringing conquered people into Chinese culture  Trained scholars and foreigners in Confucianism  Women encouraged to stay at home and be obedient