1 Think About This: What is the difference between the representation of a person or thing and the real thing? For example, this is:

2 Think About This: What is the difference between the representation of a person or thing and the real thing? For example, this is:

3 This Week i. Identify another major controversy regarding the institution of the Lord’s Supper ii. Examine the statement of Jesus “This is my body” cited in parallel passages relating to the Lord’s Supper Lesson Plan

4 This Week III. Examine how Jesus often used similes and metaphors to make comparisons in his speech iv. Think through the ways in which we figuratively or spiritually eat the body of Christ as we participate in Communion Lesson Plan

5 I. Introduction a. In our lesson last week we established that the four NT passages which deal specifically with the Blessing or giving thanks offered by our Lord as He distributed the elements of bread and wine do not support the notion of consecration. b. However, the controversy within the church regarding the Lord's Supper does not end with the question of consecration.

6 I. Introduction c. Another aspect of the controversy which we need to understand revolves around the question: what did Jesus mean when he spoke the words "This IS my body?“ d. The way one understands the meaning of this simple sentence will dictate the understanding that one has of the entire ordinance of the Lord's Supper.

7 I. Introduction e. If we are to understand this solemn transaction we must weigh every word, as there is none without its appropriate and deeply emphatic meaning. f. This week we will continue looking at the words of Jesus as he distributed the unleavened bread to those present. Matt 26:26 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. KJV

8 II. This IS My Body a. First, we should observe that Christ had nothing in His hands, as he spoke these words, but part of that unleavened bread which he and his disciples had been eating at supper. b. Therefore, it is rational to conclude that the bread which he held and was now breaking, represented his body, which, in the course of a few hours, was to be crucified for them.

9 II. This IS My Body c. Granted, being God, Jesus could have miraculously changed the unleavened bread into his physical body as he held it in his hands, just as he had changed plain water into wine at the marriage feast. John 2:6-11

10 II. This IS My Body And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece. Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with water. And they filled them up to the brim. And he saith unto them, Draw out now, and bear unto the governor of the feast. And they bare it. When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine, and knew not whence it was: (but the servants which drew the water knew;) the governor of the feast called the bridegroom, And saith unto him, Every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine; and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse: but thou hast kept the good wine until now. This beginning of miracles did Jesus in Cana of Galilee, and manifested forth his glory; and his disciples believed on him. KJV

11 II. This IS My Body d. Many, through the centuries, have been tempted to read into the words of Jesus, a miraculous event in which he transformed the bread and wine into his literal body and blood. This is called transubstantiation. e. However, such an understanding appears to run counter to the 40 recorded miracles performed by Christ during his earthly ministry which were accomplished for specific purposes:

12 II. This IS My Body 1. They prove beyond doubt that He had supreme command over Nature. 2. They prove that He was "Lord of life and death, and of all things pertaining to youth, strength, health, age, weakness and sickness. 3. They are direct evidence of the cardinal truth of our faith, that our Lord possessed powers which belong to God Himself.

13 II. This IS My Body 4. He did not merely work wonders in order that men might believe His assertions about Himself, but His wonderful works, His powers-virtues-were direct evidence of their truth. 5. He proved that He was a Savior by doing the works of a Savior, by healing men and women from their diseases of both body and soul.

14 II. This IS My Body f. In other words, the 40 miracles of Jesus were purposeful and consistent with his character. And while they may have awed his eyewitnesses, each one made rational sense given the context of its occurrence. g. In examining the words of Jesus as he broke the bread, common sense and reason, unclouded by any doctrinal predisposition, do not permit any other meaning than the plain, ordinary, meaning one would attribute upon hearing them.

15 II. This IS My Body h. So what did Jesus mean when he said:

16 III. Representation or Real? a. Jesus commonly used descriptive language with which he compared one thing with another in an unusual and striking manner that captured the attention of his hearers but which sometimes confused them. 1.He used similes, a direct comparison using the words like or as:

17 III. Representation or Real? Matt 13:31 The kingdom of heaven is like to a grain of mustard seed, KJV Matt 13:33 The kingdom of heaven is like unto leaven, KJV Matt 13:47 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a net, KJV Matt 13:40 As therefore the tares are gathered and burned in the fire; so shall it be in the end of this world. KJV

18 III. Representation or Real? 2.He also used metaphors, an implied comparison that does not use the words as and like: John 6:35 I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall never thirst. KJV John 6:51 I am the living bread which came down from heaven: KJV John 8:12 I am the light of the world: KJV John 10:7 I am the door of the sheep. KJV

19 III. Representation or Real? b. The first rule of Bible interpretation is that Scripture is the best interpreter of Scripture. Apart from the words of Jesus, the Bible often uses one object to represent or signify another: Mark 14:14 The Master saith, Where is the guestchamber, where I shall eat the passover with my disciples? KJV Where eating the Passover lamb represented God's passing over the children of Israel.

20 III. Representation or Real? Gen 41:26 The seven good kine are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years: KJV Where the seven kine ARE (i.e. represent) seven years. Deut 16:3 Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it; seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread therewith, even the bread of affliction KJV Where the unleavened bread (represents) the affliction endured by Israel while in Egypt

21 III. Representation or Real? Dan 7:24. And the ten horns out of this kingdom are ten kings KJV Where the ten horns ARE (i.e. signify) ten kings. 1 Cor 10:4 And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ. KJV Where the Rock WAS (represented) Christ.

22 III. Representation or Real? Rev 1:20 The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches: and the seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the seven churches. KJV Where the seven stars ARE (represent) the angels of the seven churches: and the seven candlesticks ARE (represent) the seven churches.

23 III. Representation or Real? c. The examples of this kind of descriptive word usage are too numerous for us to cover in detail, but from the sampling provided we can easily understand how extensively this device was employed by the writers of the Bible. d. Tertulian seems to have had a correct notion of those words of our Lord as witnessed by the following quote: 'Having taken the bread, and distributed that body to his disciples, he made it a figure of his body by saying, This is my body,’

24 III. Representation or Real? e. From this we can learn that the obvious truth is, there is scarcely a more common form of speech in any language than, This is, to mean, this object or person REPRESENTS or SIGNIFIES something else.

25 IV. Conclusion a. In our lesson last week we made the case for understanding that when Christ is described as blessing or giving thanks, the most natural understanding of the passage is that he was offering a prayer of gratitude for God's provision. b. We also saw that Jesus used the unleavened loaf of bread to represent to his disciples that, just as bread is a life sustaining substance, in like manner and yet in a spiritual sense, it is through his body broken for us that we receive eternal life.

26 IV. Conclusion c. From our lesson today, we can conclude that the words of Jesus in instituting the Lord’s Supper memorial, in no way suggest even the slightest notion that he performed some miraculous transformation of the bread which he held. d. The misguided understanding of our Lord’s words and the events of the Last Supper provide an example of how the enemy of our souls works to deceive, divide, and ultimately to destroy the Church of Jesus Christ.

27 IV. Conclusion e. Fortunately, for us, we have full assurance that in spite of the appearance of failure, division and destruction, ultimately, Christ will triumph in the building and sustaining of his Church. Matt 16:18 I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. KJV

a. If we are not literally eating the real body of Jesus as we participate in communion, then, as a believer, in what ways are you figuratively or spiritually eating of his body? 28 IV. Application