Photojournalism- Catalyst for Social Reform The Impact of the Works of Lewis Wickes Hine Jacob Riis, and Dorothea Lange

Turn of the Century Conditions: Industrial Revolution in America brings: Industrial Revolution in America brings: Quick assembly line production systems Quick assembly line production systems More plentiful jobs in factories and mills More plentiful jobs in factories and mills Jobs for people of all ages Jobs for people of all ages Population growth for areas with factories Population growth for areas with factories Crowded living conditions Crowded living conditions Less emphasis on education Less emphasis on education

As a Result… People lived in crowded tenements (apartment buildings with few facilities) People lived in crowded tenements (apartment buildings with few facilities) Illiteracy grew because more and younger children worked Illiteracy grew because more and younger children worked No labor regulations on # of hours worked or the minimum age of workers No labor regulations on # of hours worked or the minimum age of workers No laws governing working conditions No laws governing working conditions

The Need for Reform People saw the effects of the Industrial Revolution on American society and realized that the labor practices needed to be revealed to the general public so that People saw the effects of the Industrial Revolution on American society and realized that the labor practices needed to be revealed to the general public so that improvements would come. Several authors wrtoe books about the need for social reform, but it was not until Jacob Riis took pictures to augment his writings that people began to really understand society’s need for reform.

Jacob Riis Jacob Riis was a Danish immigrant who lived just as the immigrants whose plight he wrote about in his book How The Other Half Lives. Jacob Riis was a Danish immigrant who lived just as the immigrants whose plight he wrote about in his book How The Other Half Lives. His experiences led him to empathize with others. His experiences led him to empathize with others. To read more about Jacob Riis’s life, visit the site: http :// photography.com/R/rii s/riis_articles1.htmlhttp :// photography.com/R/rii s/riis_articles1.html

Jacob Riis & Working Conditions Riis, Jacob. “Bohemian Cigar Makers at Work in Their Tenement.” The Jacob A. Riis Collection of the Museum of the City of New York. [ 1.htm] [ ] (June 24, 2001).

Jacob Riis & Playground Reform Riis, Jacob. “What the Boys Learn on Their Street Playground.” Jacob Riis Collection in Masters of Photography. [ photography.com/R/riis/rii s-street-playground.html] [no number available] (June 24, 2001).

Jacob Riis & Living Conditions Riis, Jacob. “Hell’s Kitchen and Sebastopol.” How The Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis [ du/amstud/inforev/riis/ chap1.html] [no number available] (June 29, 2001.) Riis, Jacob. “Hell’s Kitchen and Sebastopol.” How The Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis [ du/amstud/inforev/riis/ chap1.html] [no number available] (June 29, 2001.)

Lewis Wickes Hine Hine worked for the National Child Labor Committee and took photographs for the purpose of affecting social reform. He often took notes about his subjects, noting their names and the years they’d worked. Hine worked for the National Child Labor Committee and took photographs for the purpose of affecting social reform. He often took notes about his subjects, noting their names and the years they’d worked. To see more images that Hine took for the National Child Labor Committee, visit : /coll/207- b.html at the Library of Congress. /coll/207- b.html

Lewis Wickes Hine & Child Labor Hine, Lewis Wickes. “William Paralla, 313 Second Street, SW, Washington, DC, a seven year old newsboy, standing on street with newspapers.” April National Child Labor Committee Collection Photographs by Lewis Hine. [ /207- b.html] [LC-USZ ] (June 24, 2001). Hine, Lewis Wickes. “William Paralla, 313 Second Street, SW, Washington, DC, a seven year old newsboy, standing on street with newspapers.” April National Child Labor Committee Collection Photographs by Lewis Hine. [ /207- b.html] [LC-USZ ] (June 24, 2001).

Lewis Wickes Hine Hine, Lewis Wickes. “Shrimp and Oyster Worker, Biloxi, MS.” Lot 7476, canneries volume, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Illustrated Guide, Portfolio 1. [ nt/guide/pp7476.jpg] [LC- USZ6-1306] & [LC- USZ ] (June 29, 2001).

Dorothea Lange Lange is the best known photographer of the Depression Era. Her work depicts the economically depressed common people of the time. The emotions evoked are the strength of the images. Lange is the best known photographer of the Depression Era. Her work depicts the economically depressed common people of the time. The emotions evoked are the strength of the images. To see her work, visit the Museum of California in Oakland and search for Dorothea Lange in their collection.

Dorothea Lange & the Depression Lange, Dorothea. “Destitute peapickers in California, a 32 year old mother of seven children. February 1936.” Library of Congress Farm Security Administration Collection. [ ov/rr/print/128_migm.htm l] [LCUSF C] (June 29, 2001). Lange, Dorothea. “Destitute peapickers in California, a 32 year old mother of seven children. February 1936.” Library of Congress Farm Security Administration Collection. [ ov/rr/print/128_migm.htm l] [LCUSF C] (June 29, 2001).

Dorothea Lange Lange, Dorothea. “White Angel Breadline.” Dorothea Lange Collection, Oakland Museum of California. [ g/global/art/collections_la nge_repro.html] [no number available] (June 29, 2001).

Dorothea Lange Lange, Dorothea. “Ditched, Stalled, and Stranded. San Joaquim Valley, CA.” Dorothea Lange Collection. Oakland Museum of CA. [ photography.com/L/lange/ lange_ditched_stalled_stra nded_full.html] [no number available] (June30, 2001). Lange, Dorothea. “Ditched, Stalled, and Stranded. San Joaquim Valley, CA.” Dorothea Lange Collection. Oakland Museum of CA. [ photography.com/L/lange/ lange_ditched_stalled_stra nded_full.html] [no number available] (June30, 2001).

Dorothea Lange Lange, Dorothea. “The only home of a depression routed family of nine.” [ cgi- bin/ndlpedu/lessons/98 /dime/photos.html] [LC-USF E] (July 3, 2001).

And the Question Is…. How will YOU use photography to document an area in our society that needs to be changed? How will YOU use photography to document an area in our society that needs to be changed?