The Marmaray Tunnel Project Bosphorus Strait, Turkey

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Presentation transcript:

The Marmaray Tunnel Project Bosphorus Strait, Turkey Jenny Allen Oliver Read Aaron Fullick

Introduction Bosphorus Strait Istanbul 32km long 0.7 – 3.5 km wide 35m depth Istanbul 2 toll bridges Train and ferry – 3 hours

Introduction Bosphorus Strait Istanbul Black Sea (Asian Side) Turkey Sea of Marmara Turkey (European side) (Asian Side) Bosphorus Strait 32km long 0.7 – 3.5 km wide 35m depth Istanbul 2 toll bridges Train and ferry – 3 hours

Introduction Bosphorus Strait Istanbul Black Sea Turkey (Asian Side) 32km long 0.7 – 3.5 km wide 35m depth Istanbul 2 toll bridges Train and ferry – 3 hours Turkey (Asian Side) Turkey (European side) Sea of Marmara

Introduction Bosphorus Strait Istanbul Black Sea Turkey (Asian Side) 32km long 0.7 – 3.5 km wide 35m depth Istanbul 2 toll bridges Train and ferry – 3 hours Turkey (Asian Side) Turkey (European side) Sea of Marmara

The need for a Rail Tunnel? Reduce congestion and pollution Increase current crossing capacity Improve existing rail links Reduce dependency on oil imports Increase rail freight usage

Marmaray Tunnel 1.4km Immersed Tunnel Deepest immersed tunnel in the world at 56m. Major part of the $3bn Marmaray project

Geology Paleozoic Rock (545-250 Million years ago) Sedimentary Rocks – mudstones, silstones and sandstones Tertiary Sediments ( 65 – 1.8 Million years ago) Quaternary Sediments (1.8 Million years ago – present)

North Anatolian Fault 20km South of Istanbul Anatolian Plate is being “squeezed” Westwards by the Arabian and Eurasian plates.

North Anatolian Fault Stress on fault is being shifted along. 7 earthquakes over 7 on the Richter scale since 1939. Earthquake in Istanbul is imminent.

Earthquakes Destructive power of earthquake Liquefaction Settlement Underwater land slides Tsunamis

Tunnels in Earthquake Zones Bart Tunnel, San Francisco Bay Seikan Tunnel, Japan Project heavily influenced by these projects and the expertise gained from them

Archaeology Settlement dating back over 8000 years The discovery of the 4th century port of Theodosius on the European side has caused a 4 year delay to the project

Solutions High Compaction Grouting in boreholes Large cover of sediment Soil / cemeticious mix Current prediction

Solutions Tunnel Boring Machine Specialised concrete Cathodic protection

Solutions Rubber flexible joints Waterproofing Membranes

Conclusions Any Questions?