Pests & Pesticides ES Ch 3 Please take out your study guide

Pesticides Any substance/mixture to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate any pest Any substance/mixture to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate any pest “plant regulator, defoliant, dessicant” – US Law “plant regulator, defoliant, dessicant” – US Law What’s a pest? What’s a pest? Organisms that occur where & when they’re not wanted Avicides, insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides Organisms that occur where & when they’re not wanted Avicides, insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides Designed to Kill – which are pesticides? Designed to Kill – which are pesticides? Rat poison, black light trap, chlorine in your pool, pheromones Rat poison, black light trap, chlorine in your pool, pheromones

Pros & Cons

Pros Preserve crops During growth During storage Improves crops Quality of crops Quantity of crops Prevents disease Cons Might kill other organisms (7/8 insects are not pests) “broad-spectrum” vs. selective Superbugs Some are persistent Can be toxic

Developing Resistance See Fig. on pg. 253 in book – what’s wrong with the book’s explanation?

Pesticide Treadmill:

Persistence Why is it good? Why is it good? Why is it bad? Why is it bad? How does it happen? How does it happen? Carried by wind and water, remains in soil Easily dissolve in fat, stored

Biomagnification/Bioaccumulation Concentration of pesticide increases as you move up the food chain Concentration of pesticide increases as you move up the food chain How does this relate to the Rule of 10%? How does this relate to the Rule of 10%? ge_of_ambivalence/02.ST.06/?scene=2 ge_of_ambivalence/02.ST.06/?scene=2 ge_of_ambivalence/02.ST.06/?scene=2 ge_of_ambivalence/02.ST.06/?scene=2 accumulation/ accumulation/ accumulation/ accumulation/

Pesticides and ADHD

Beneficial Insects Beneficial Insects Superbugs Superbugs ADHD, allergies ADHD, allergies Biopesticides Biopesticides

Types of Pesticides Chemical Pesticides Chemical Pesticides FYI: Organophosphates, carbamates, organochlorides FYI: Organophosphates, carbamates, organochlorides Biopesticides Biopesticides FYI: microbial (Bt), plant-incorporated protectants (transgenics), biochemical (pheromones)’, predatory insects (ladybugs) FYI: microbial (Bt), plant-incorporated protectants (transgenics), biochemical (pheromones)’, predatory insects (ladybugs) Pest control devices Pest control devices FYI: traps, sticky paper, black light FYI: traps, sticky paper, black light

DDT – DDT (2:55) – chlordane persistent (1:44) – sprayed on children (0:31) – Rachel Carson (0:36) – spraying on people dichlor-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide Persistence and Biomagnification Banned in 1972, but still found in 96% of samples Used extensively in WWII Thin eagle shells

Alternatives to chemicals Biological Pesticides And Changing Farming Practices

Pathogens - bacteria, protozoa, fungus

Chemicals from plants

Release predatory organisms LWyNcAs

Prevent Breeding / Birth Control

Plant companion crops

IPM Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management “…the coordinated use of pest and environmental information with available pest control methods to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.” - EPA “…the coordinated use of pest and environmental information with available pest control methods to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.” - EPA AKA: common sense AKA: common sense

Integrated Pest Management includes Biological pest control 2. Mix of farming practices 3. Chemical pesticides If IPM is common sense, why doesn’t everyone use it?

Steps of IPM 1. INSPECT AND INVESTIGATE 2. IDENTIFY AND LEARN 3. MONITOR 4. IS IT WORTH IT? 5. CHOOSE CONTROL METHODS 6. EVALUATE