© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 2: Vocabulary Building Life is not what happens to us, it is how we react to it; what we decide to do about it.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers In this chapter you will learn:  How to use context clues to strengthen your vocabulary.  How to use word parts to strengthen your vocabulary: –Prefixes –Roots –Suffixes

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Types of Context Clues  Definition  Example  Contrast  Logic of the Passage

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Definition Clues The writer gives a brief definition or synonym. Example: Corona refers to the outermost part of the sun’s atmosphere.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Types of Punctuation That Signal Definition Clues  Commas –Five-line rhyming poems, or limericks, are among the simplest forms of poetry. (Continued)

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Types of Punctuation That Signal Definition Clues  Parentheses –A leading cause of heart disease is a diet with too much cholesterol (a fatty substance made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen). (Continued)

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Types of Punctuation That Signal Definition Clues  Dashes –Ancient Egyptians wrote in hieroglyphics— pictures used to represent words.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Example Clues Writers include examples that help to explain or clarify a word.  Example: Toxic materials, such as arsenic, asbestos, pesticides, and lead, can cause bodily damage.  Example: Legumes, such as peas and beans, produce pods.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Contrast Clues A word or phrase with the opposite meaning of an unknown word provides a clue to its meaning.  Example: Most of the graduate students were elated, though a few felt sad and depressed.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Logic of the Passage Clues Sometimes you can figure out the meaning of an unknown word by using logic and reasoning skills.  Example: We had to leave the car and walk up because the incline was too steep to drive.

Group Practice  Definition Practice 1 p. 20 (#1-5)  Example Practice 1 p. 22 (#1-5)  Contrast Practice 1 p. 24 (#1-5)  Logic Practice 1 p (#1-5)  Extra optional practice: Practice 2 p. 26 © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

U-REVIEW  THINK about the answers to these questions:  1. Context clues are…  2. Four types of context clues are… © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

Word Parts  Prefixes  Roots  Suffixes  Knowing word parts helps you to figure out the meanings of many words. © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

Learning Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes  Prefixes appear at the beginning of many English words.  Roots carry the basic or core meaning of a word.  Suffixes are word endings that often change the part of speech of a word.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Learning Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes  The word trichromatic can be divided into three parts: its prefix, root, and suffix.  Prefix—tri (three)  Root — chrome (color)  Suffix — atic (characteristic of)  Trichromatic — having three colors

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers General Rules about Word Parts 1. Most words are built upon at least one root. 2. Words can have more than one prefix, root, or suffix. 3. Words do not always have a prefix and a suffix. 4. The spelling of roots may change as they are combined with suffixes. 5. Some word parts have the same meaning. 6. Prefixes and roots do not always carry the assumed meaning.

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Prefixes –p. 29  Come at the beginning of a word: Ex: UNteachable NONconformist

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Roots – p. 33  Roots carry the basic meaning of the word.  Ex: transMIT, MISsion, comMISsion  Ex: CREDit, credible, incredible

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Suffixes – p. 36  Come at the end of the word  Change the function of the word (part Of speech) Ex: Class + ify Class+ ification Class + ic

Practices  Prefixes – p. 31 Practice 2  Roots- p. 34 Practice 2  Suffixes – p. 38 Practice 2 © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

U-REVIEW  THINK the answers to:  1. Context clues are…  2. Four types of context clues are…  3. Prefixes are…  4. Roots are…  5. Suffixes are… © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

Resources for Chapter 2  Table 2.1 Common Prefixes p. 30  Table 2.2 Common Roots p.32  Table 2.3 Common Suffixes p. 36

© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Visit the Companion Website