Chap 7 – The Skeleton Learning Objectives: Name and describe the bones of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, shoulder, hip, arm, and leg. Name and describe the important markings on these bones as well as any sutures. Describe vertebrae structure and distinguish between cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Differentiate between true and false ribs. Begin reading Chap 7 pgs 125 – 143. Complete questions on pgs 133 – 134, pg 135, pg 139, and 143 – 144.)

PREDICT How many bones in the skull? NOTE: The skull is the cranium plus facial bones (including jaw) Answer: 22

Cranium Eight major cranial bones – ___ parietal, ___ temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid Also contains ‘minor’ bones of the middle ear (we will study those later in Chap 10 – The Nervous System) Cranial bones are ____ and remarkably strong for their weight

Anterior View, pg 129 Label the cranial bones (ones that are encircled in red) ONLY for now!

Posterior View Label red encircled structure ONLY for now. It is the last of the cranial bones.

Quick Check 1. How many bones in just the cranium? 2. List the main bones of the cranium in your notes now.

Individual Practice: Getting To Know the Cranial Bones & Markings Important Markings Answer Choices (Cranial Bones) 1. Styloid process pg 131 a. Frontal pg. 129 2. External auditory canal, pg 130 b. Parietal pg. 129 3. Mastoid process pg 130 c. Occipital pg. 130 4. Sella turcica pg. 132 d. Temporal pg. 129 or 120 5. Crista galli pg. 132 e. Sphenoid pg. 132 6. Zygomatic process pg. 130 f. Ethmoid pg. 132 7. Foramen magnum pg. 131 8. Cribriform plate pg. 132 9. Hypoglossal canal,(text reference) pg 131 10. Occipital condyle pg. 131 Instructions: Match the specific bone marking on the skull with the bone it is most closely associated with. Answers can be used more than once.

Frontal Bone, pg 129 Forms the anterior portion of the _________ Label bones with me. Label only the ones I indicate on your practice diagrams. Forms the anterior portion of the _________ Major markings include the supraorbital margins

Parietal Bones, pg 130 & 132 Four _______ mark the articulations of the parietal bones Coronal suture – articulation between parietal bones and frontal bone anteriorly Squamosal or squamous suture – where parietal and temporal bones meet Sagittal suture – where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly Lambdoid suture – where parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

Occipital Bone, pg 132 Forms most of skull’s posterior wall and base Major markings include: occipital condyles foramen magnum hypoglossal canal

Temporal Bone, pg 130 Major markings include: - zygomatic process - mastoid process - styloid processes - mandibular fossa

Sphenoid, pg 132 _________________ bone Forms the central wedge that articulates with all other cranial bones Consists of: - greater wings - lesser wings - pterygoid processes Major markings: - sella turcica Major openings include: - foramen rotundum - foramen ovale - foramen spinosum - optic canals - superior orbital fissure

Ethmoid, pg 132 Most ____ of the skull bones; lies between the sphenoid and nasal bones Forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits Major markings include: - crista galli - cribriform plate - nasal conchae

Individual Practice: Facial Bones, pg 129 - 132 Instructions: This practice should answer the questions, “What is it? And “Where is it located?” Match up the bone with its description. If you finish before most people, spend your time locating the 8 facial bones mentioned here on pages 129 - 132. Also use your Powerpoint notes from class to help complete this. Facial Bone Answer Choices (descriptions) 1. vomer a. constructs bridge of the nose 2. inferior nasal concha b. forms part of lateral wall of the nasal cavity 3. zygomatic c. forms parts of the medial orbit wall 4. nasal d. forms posterior part of the hard palate & a small part of nasal cavity and orbit wall 5. maxilla e. forms upper jaw and parts of the hard palate, orbits, and nasal cavity walls 6. mandible f. forms cheek and part of orbit 7. lacrimal g. part of nasal septum 8. palatine h. lower jaw

Facial Bones Maxilla (upper jaw) Palatine bones

Facial Bones continued 6. Lacrimal 3. Zygomatic 4. Mandible 5. Nasal 7. Vomer 8. Inf. Nasal concha