Skeletal System

The Basics

Skeletal System The Basics –provides support and shape to the body

Skeletal System The Basics –provides support and shape to the body –protects delicate internal organs

Skeletal System The Basics –provides support and shape to the body –protects delicate internal organs –acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement

Skeletal System The Basics –provides support and shape to the body –protects delicate internal organs –acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement –stores minerals

Skeletal System The Basics –provides support and shape to the body –protects delicate internal organs –acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement –stores minerals –site of blood cell formation

Skeletal System The Basics –provides support and shape to the body –protects delicate internal organs –acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement –stores minerals –site of blood cell formation

The Structure of Bone

Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone

The Structure of Bone Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory

The Structure of Bone Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass

The Structure of Bone Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass Marrow in center

The Structure of Bone Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass Marrow in center

Anatomy of a Long Bone

Anatomy of a Bone Color and label the worksheet by referring to the slide prior to this one

Healing Bones Healing takes place in periosteum, with thin layer of blood vessels and nerves covering the bone Area inflamed and cleans away dead tissue and new cells (osteoblasts) move in to make repair Bone is stronger and callus is built up over damaged area

How are bones formed?

Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes

How are bones formed? Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage

How are bones formed? Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage Osteocytes can either add or remove calcium salts

How are bones formed? Bones are made of living tissue – osteocytes (bone cells) Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage Osteocytes can either add or remove calcium salts Lacuna: small pockets found b/w sheets of calcified matrix called lamellae

Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy

Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue.

Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue. Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals

Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue. Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals Osteocytes are nourished by these blood vessels

Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy Haversian canals (osteons) are tubes through bone tissue. Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals Osteocytes are nourished by these blood vessels Canaliculi: small channels radiate through matrix interconnecting lacunae (small pockets that have bone cells) and linking them to blood vessels

How bones grow!

Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end

How bones grow! Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen

How bones grow! Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

How bones grow! Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

How bones grow! Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

Bone Classification p.136 Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones *color at least 2 of each on your worksheet!

Connecting Bones Together

While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily

Connecting Bones Together While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear

Connecting Bones Together While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear Ligaments hold bones together

Connecting Bones Together While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear Ligaments hold bones together

Joint Movement

Stick Figure Fill out matching on joint movements worksheet Make stick figure perform movements

Different types of joints.

Fixed joints - found in skull do not allow movement. These are also called suture joints because of their jagged appearance

Different types of joints. Fixed joints - found in skull do not allow movement. These are also called suture joints because of their jagged appearance

Different types of joints. Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge

Different types of joints. Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge

Different types of joints. Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge Allow for flexion and extension Ex: humeroulnar (elbow)

Hinge Joint Examples Knee Ankle Interphalangeal

Different types of joints. Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions

Different types of joints. Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions

Different types of joints. Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions

Different types of joints. Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions – true circumduction and rotation Ex: Hip (acetabulum and head of femur)

Ball and Socket Examples Scapula and humerus

Different types of joints. Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones, flat surfaces meet, no rotation, only sliding of one bone over another

Different types of joints. Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones, flat surfaces meet, no rotation, only sliding of one bone over another

Different types of joints. Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones, flat surfaces meet, no rotation, only sliding motion of one bone over another

Different types of joints. Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones, flat surfaces meet, no rotation, only sliding of one bone over another Ex: facet joints of vertebrate

Gliding Joints Examples * Acromioclavicular (manubrium and clavicle – ends of clavicle) *between carpals and tarsals (intercarpal and intertarsal)

Saddle Joint Convex surface meets concave, like rider on a saddle No rotation Movement includes circumduction and angular movements

Saddle Joint Examples Thumb (carpometacarpal joint between 1 st metacarpal and trapezium )

Different types of joints. Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow end of the radius arm bone, allows rotational movement

Different types of joints. Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow end of the radius arm bone, allows rotational movement

Different types of joints. Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow end of the radius arm bone allow rotational movement Pronation and supination of hand (radial humeral and radial ulnar)

Pivot Joint Examples C1/C2 atlas/axis

Ellipsoidal Joint Oval articular face fits within a depression on opposing surface Example: Human Wrist

Ellipsoidal Joint Examples Phalanges of toes with metatarsals Phalanges of fingers with metacarpal temporamandibular Wrist (radiocarpal)

Different types of joints. Fixed Hinged Ball and Socket Saddle Gliding Pivot Ellipsoidal

How many bones do you have?

Human adults have 206 bones

How many bones do you have? Human adults have 206 bones Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth

How many bones do you have? Human adults have 206 bones Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth As infants age some of their bones fuse together forming the 206 bones of an adult

How many bones do you have? Human adults have 206 bones Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth As infants age some of their bones fuse together forming the 206 bones of an adult

How strong are bones?

Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight

How strong are bones? Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight But bones do break

How strong are bones? Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight (calcium phosphate is 2/3 wt. 1/3 is collagen, osteocytes, and other cell types But bones do break

How strong are bones? Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight And your skeleton shape can be changed

The parts of the skeleton COLOR CODE ON YOUR WORKSHEET!

The parts of the skeleton The axial skeleton

The parts of the skeleton The axial skeleton Supports brain, spinal cord, and organs in ventral cavity

The parts of the skeleton The axial skeleton –includes: –1-- skull cranium 8 bones

The parts of the skeleton The axial skeleton –includes: –1-- skull cranium 8 bones face 14 bones

The parts of the skeleton The axial skeleton –includes: –1-- skull cranium 8 bones face 14 bones hyoid 1 bone (u shaped bone – base for muscles of larynx, tongue, pharynx ears 6 bones

The parts of the skeleton The axial skeleton –includes: –2 -- Vertebral Column spine 24 bones (C7, T12, L5) sacrum 1 bone coccyx 1 bone

The parts of the skeleton The axial skeleton –includes: –3 -- Thorax ribs 24 bones sternum 1 bone

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton –this is the system of bones that include the limbs and the bones that attach them to the axial skeleton

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton –Includes: pectoral girdle 2 scapula, right and left 2 clavicle, right and left

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton –Includes: pectoral girdle upper limbs –2 humerus –2 ulna –2 radius –16 carpals –10 metacarpals –28 phalanges

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton –Includes: pectoral girdle upper limbs –2 humerus –2 ulna –2 radius –16 carpals –10 metacarpals –28 phalanges

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton –Includes: pectoral girdle upper limbs –2 humerus –2 ulna –2 radius –16 carpals –10 metacarpals –28 phalanges

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton –Includes: pectoral girdle upper limbs pelvic girdle 2 bones

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton –Includes: pectoral girdle upper limbs pelvic girdle 2 bones lower limbs

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton –Includes: pectoral girdle upper limbs pelvic girdle 2 bones lower limbs –femur 2 bones

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton –Includes: pectoral girdle upper limbs pelvic girdle 2 bones lower limbs –femur 2 bones –patella 2 bones »(knee)

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton –Includes: pectoral girdle upper limbs pelvic girdle 2 bones lower limbs –femur 2 bones –patella 2 bones –lower leg »tibia 2 bones »fibula 2 bones

The parts of the skeleton The appendicular skeleton –Includes: pectoral girdle upper limbs pelvic girdle 2 bones lower limbs –femur 2 bones –patella 2 bones –lower leg –ankle/foot »tarsals 14 bones »metatarsals 10 »phalanges 28 bones