Skeletal Disorders May Occur with Bone, Cartilage, Ligaments, Joints

Tumors & Cancers Osteosarcoma –Common –Fatal

Tumors & Cancers Chondrosarcoma –Skeletal Cartilage Cancer

Tumors & Cancers Fibrosarcoma –Malignant –Bone Marrow –Excessive Connective Tissue Production

Osteoporosis Most Common & Serious –“Condition of bone pores”

Osteoporosis Excessive loss of calcium & collagen fibers –Decrease in bone volume / Holes

Osteoporosis Bones are brittle & easily broken –Spontaneous Fractures –Femur & Vertebrae

Osteoporosis Most frequently in white elderly women –Decreasing sex hormones reduces bone growth and bone mass maintenance –Kyphosis most notable outward sign Shrink

Osteomalacia Decrease in Hard Minerals –Bone volume remains the same Demineralization Vitamin D deficiency –Required to absorb Ca and P

In children, it is called Rickets Bone Deformities Ca imbalance can lead to death

Paget Disease Also called Osteitis deformans Affects Older Adults Characterized by abnormal bone remodeling

Normal Spongy Bone replaced by disorganized new bone –Thickens entire bone

Osteomyelitis Bacterial infections of bone and marrow tissue Staphylococcus most common Difficult to treat due to bone density and slow healing

Bone Fractures Open Fractures –The bone pierces the skin –Compound Closed Fractures –The bone does not pierce the skin –Simple Complete –Displacement Incomplete –No Displacement

Fracture Types Greenstick –Bone is broken only on one side Comminuted –Break that produces many fragments Impacted –Bone fragments are driven into each other Transverse –Fracture is at a right angle to the bone’s long axis Oblique –Fracture is diagonal to the bone’s long axis

Name that Fracture

TRANSVERSE

GREENSTICK

OBLIQUE

COMMINUTED

IMPACTED

Joint Disorders Non-inflammatory & Inflammatory

Noninflammatory Joint Disease Does NOT inflame the Synovial Membrane

Osteoarthritis Also known as degenerative joint disease Most Common Degeneration of the articular cartilage Advanced Age, Joint Damage, Joint Stress

Dislocation When the articular surfaces of bones are no longer in proper contact Bone stays OUT of the joint SUBLUXATION –Reduces on its own

Sprain An acute injury to the ligaments around a joint Tear of the Ligament

Inflammatory Joint Disease Arthritis Inflammed Synovial Membrane Many causes –Infection –Genetics –Autoimmunity

Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoimmune Disorder Chromic inflammation of connective tissues –Begins in the synovial membrane –Spreads to cartilage & other tissues Crippling Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis –More Severe –More Common in Girls

Gouty Arthritis Gout Metabolic Condition Increase in Uric Acid in Blood –Alcohol, Sweet, Fat –Sodium Urate Crystals deposited in Distal Joints –Trigger Chronic Inflammation

Infectious Arthritis Pathogens cause synovial infection Joint Deterioration Most Common Bacterial Other Signs & Symptoms Lyme Disease –Ticks