Lesson 15.1 – 15.2

 Living structure and framework in order to move  Protection of vital organs (i.e. skull :: brain)  Calcium and Phosphorus storage  Production of red and white blood cells  What would happen if we didn’t have a skeleton?

 Axial Skeleton – skull, spine, ribs, vertebrae, sternum  Appendicular Skeleton – everything else  Types of Bones ◦ Long Bones – diaphysis (middle), epiphysis (ends, where blood cells are produced) ◦ Short Bones – equal in length and width ◦ Flat Bones – i.e. Skull, Scapula ◦ Irregular Bones – oddly shaped bones for specific reasons

 Ball-and-Socket – hip and shoulder  Hinge – elbow, knee, ankle, etc.  Pivot – 1 location, Base of Skull  Ellipsoidal – Curved spaces (wrist)  Ligament – connects bone to bone  Tendon – connects muscle to bone

 Nutrition: ◦ Eat foods with Calcium, Vitamin D, and Phosphorus  Milk (Calcium, Vitamin D)  Beans, Whole Grains, Liver (Phosphorus)  Prevention ◦ Regular physical activity (weight-bearing) ◦ Protective gear  How would you explain to younger students how to prevent bone injuries?

Which bones do you see most commonly injured and how?  Fracture – any type of break in a bone  Osteoporosis – condition with progressive loss of bone tissue  Scoliosis – abnormal, lateral curvature of the spine either from birth or early development

 Dislocation – torn ligaments allow bone to slip out of place  Bursitis – inflammation of fluid sac normally used to reduce friction in a joint  Repetitive Motion Injuries – prolonged, repeated movements ◦ Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is the most common repetitive motion injury