SKELETAL SYSTEM JACKI MALONE, RN, BSN

REVIEW Systems are made of…….. ORGANS Organs are made of…… TISSUES Tissues are made of….. cells

SKELETAL SYSTEM Organs: BONES How many bones does an adult human have?? 206

FUNCTION OF BONES 1 Framework Support of muscles, fat & skin 2. Protection Surround vital organs to protect them (skull—brain, ribs—heart/lungs) 3. Levers muscles attach to bones to provide movement 4. Production of white blood cell help produce RBCs, WBCs & Platelets 5. Storage Bones store most of the Calcium supply of the body

SKELETON---2 MAIN COMPONENTS Axial Skeleton Main Trunk Skull, spine, ribs, breast bone Appendicular skeleton Extremities Shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, leg bones

AXIAL SKELETON Cranium—spherical structure surrounds and protects the brain 8 bones Fontanels

AXIAL SKELETON Spinal bones vertebrae 26 bones protect spinal cord support head and trunk 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 1 sacral 1 coccyx

AXIAL SKELETON Sternum breastbone cage that protects the heart and lungs 12 ribs clavicles—collar bones scapula (x2)

APPENDICULAR SKELETON Arms: Humerus Radius Ulna carpals (wrist) metacarpals (palm) phalanges (fingers)

APPENDICULAR SKELETON Pelvic girdle Two bones join at sacrum in the back and symphysis pubis in front difference between male and female

APPENDICULAR SKELETON Legs Femur patella tibia fibula tarsals (ankle) metatarsals (instep) phalanges (toes)

HOLDING IT ALL TOGETHER Joints Areas where two or more bones join together Ligaments connective tissue bands that help hold long bones together at joints

DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM Arthritis inflammation of joints Symptoms: joint pain, stiffness, aching, limited range of motion rheumatoid—scar tissue, deformities Tx: anti-inflamatories, rest, sometimes steroids, sometimes surgery

DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM Bursitis: inflammation of the bursae (small, fluid filled sacs) around the joint Symptoms: severe pain, limited ROM and fluid accumulation Tx: pain medicine, injecting steroids, rest, aspiration, PT

DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM Sprain Twisting action that tears ligaments Sx: pain, swelling, bruising, limited ROM Tx: RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM Osteomyelitis Bone inflammation Infectious organisms cause abscesses Abscessed=pus Sx: pain at site, swelling, chills and fever Tx: Antibiotics

DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM Fractures a crack or break in a bone Types: greensticksimple/closed spiral compound/openimpacted depressed comminutedcolles

GREENSTICK FRACTURE *Bone is bent and splits, causing a crack or incomplete break common in children

SIMPLE OR CLOSED FRACTURE Complete break of the bone with no damage to skin

IMPACTED FRACTURE Broken bone ends jam into each other

COMMINUTED FRACTURE Bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces

SPIRAL FRACTURE Bone twists resulting in one or more breaks. Common in skiing and skating accidents

DEPRESSED FRACTURE A broken piece of skull bone moves inward Common with severe head injuries

COLLES FRACTURE Breaking and dislocation of the distal radius Causes characteristic bulge at the wrist Caused by falling on an outstretched hand

OPEN/COMPOUND FRACTURE Bone breaks and ruptures through the skin Creates increased chance of infection

OPEN/COMPOUND FRACTURE

SKELETAL SYSTEM CAREERS Athletic trainer Chiropractor Orthopedist Ortho surgeon Physical therapist Podiatrist Radiology technician Sports medicine