First Americans How did they get to America? Where did they live? How did they use their environment to meet their basic needs?

They were here first The Land Bridge Theory Over 14,000 years ago, during the Ice Age, people began to arrive in North America. They followed their food source.

Where did they live? These people spread over the continents of North America and South America. They lived in all Geographic regions of North America.

We will study 5 different groups of First Americans. Each group lived in a very different environment

3 Questions to answer What region did each group inhabit? What was the climate and geography like for each group? How did the geography and climate affect the way each group met their basic needs?

Crazy Apes In Green Raincoats Baking Cookies Carefully. Remember the 8 Geographic Regions ? Crazy Apes In Green Raincoats Baking Cookies Carefully.

What are Geography & Climate? What the land looks like…flat, mountainous, hilly… What the weather is like over a long period of time

List 3 Basic Needs FOOD CLOTHING SHELTER

Starting in the East Meet the Iroquois This group inhabited northeast North America in an area known as the Eastern Woodlands. Their environment was heavily forested. They lived in the Appalachian Mountain and Interior Lowland Regions. Meet the Iroquois

Where Are We?

The Land Thick forests Fertile soil Many rivers Seasons

Conclude: How they met their Basic Needs: FOOD: Did they Hunt Fish Cultivate Gather Yes, the Iroquois used all of these methods

What kinds of food did the Iroquois eat? CBS Corn Beans Squash Small game deer Fish berries

Clothing & Shelter Animal Skins Wood What natural resources were available to meet these needs? Clothing? Animal Skins Shelter? Wood Their shelters are called Longhouses.

The Iroquois Iroquois Longhouse A typical Iroquois village Interior of a Longhouse

Unique Characteristics The Iroquois used slash and burn to prepare their land for farming.

Moving West… What Geographic Region are we now in? Describe the Geography & Climate

Region- Great Plains Geography- flat land gradually increasing in elevation westward. Grasslands few trees located between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains Climate- Seasons

Where Are We? The Sioux

The Land

The Great Plains

Basic Needs Conclude, using what you know about their environment: Food Hunt Fish Cultivate Clothing Animal skins or Plants? Shelter What natural resource did they use?

Answer: Walking Wal-mart The Sioux hunted.The women harvested corn. Example: Bison Their clothing was made of animal skin. Their shelter was made of animal skin: a tepee

Unique Characteristic The Sioux were nomadic. The Sioux moved to follow their food source. (No permanent address)

Moving West… Meet the Pueblo people Located in the southwest Present day Arizona & New Mexico Meet the Pueblo people

Region- Basin & Range Geography- Areas of varying elevation, containing isolated mountain ranges, and Death Valley There were not many trees. The soil was sandy. Climate- Hot and dry, not much rain

Where Are We? The Pueblo

The Land

Describe the Climate and Geography What was the climate like? Describe the land. Were there forests? What river runs through this region?

The climate was hot and dry The land was varied, with mountains, cliffs, and basins. There were few trees. The Colorado river runs through this region. It helped carve the Grand Canyon in present-day Arizona.

What natural resource did they use? Basic Needs Conclude, how the Pueblo people managed to survive in this harsh environment. Food Hunt Fish Cultivate Clothing Animal skins or Plants? Shelter What natural resource did they use?

Food CBS They cultivated their food. (farmed) CORN BEANS SQUASH (GREW SURPLUS AND STORED THE EXTRA FOOD)

Clothing PLANTS They cultivated cotton. They wove the cotton.

SHELTER They used stones and mud to make adobe bricks. There homes were called Pueblos by the Spanish.

Unique Characteristic The Pueblo people dug irrigation ditches to bring water to their crops. They made pottery. They wove cloth.

Moving West & North…(it’ too hot!) Located along the Pacific coast in present-day Washington state and Canada Contains the Cascade Mountains Columbia River located here

Region- Coastal Range Geography- Rugged mountains and fertile valleys, located along the Pacific Ocean, forests Climate- Rainy and mild

Where Are We? The Kwakiutl

The Land

It's Raining... It's Pouring Let’s Talk Climate: Rainy (This area gets a great deal of rain.) Ocean Currents (Influence the climate, making the temperatures mild) It's Raining... It's Pouring

What natural resource did they use? Basic Needs Conclude, how the Kwakiutl people managed to survive in this environment. Food Hunt Fish Cultivate Clothing Animal skins or Plants? Shelter What natural resource did they use?

___ ___ ________ ____ ______ Food Mostly they FISHED. (Salmon) They ate other foods of course. ___ ___ ________ ____ ______

Bark-The Next Louis Vuitton Clothing They used plants. (Cedar bark) They also used Animal skins. Bark-The Next Louis Vuitton Native dancer A cedar bark cape.

SHELTER They used plants to build their shelter. (Trees) Their houses were called Plank houses.

Unique Characteristics They held lavish parties called “Potlatches”. They carved Totem Poles. They traded They stored their food.

Tools Of The Trade Above: Trading boat Below: Tools Above: Fishing net Below: Drying rack

Moving North… Name this region. Hundreds of lakes carved by glaciers Wrapped around the Hudson Bay in a horseshoe shape Oldest rock formations in N. America Hills worn by erosion Name this region.

Region: Canadian Shield What is the climate like? It’s COLD! Frozen tundra, with temperatures below freezing much of the year

Where Are We? The Inuit

The Land

What natural resource did they use? Basic Needs Conclude, how the Inuit people managed to survive in this cold environment. Food Hunt Fish Cultivate Clothing Animal skins or Plants? Shelter What natural resource did they use?

Food The Inuit fished and hunted. Their main food was fish. They also ate: Whales, seals, walrus, and caribou.

Clothing They used animal skins and furs.

SHELTER They used ice blocks to make their shelters. Their shelters were called Igloos They also used animal skins to make skin tent shelters.

Inuit harpoon

Ms. Shermer-hard work and extra late hours Cate-technical support Credits: Ms. Shermer-hard work and extra late hours Cate-technical support Internet-picture gallery This has been a Peet/Shermer Production THE END!