Ch. 2: Culture

I. Individualism v. Group Identity  Individualism: Individual beliefs, ideas, and actions are more important than the group  Group Identity: The good of the group is more important than the rights of the individual  Individualism: Individual beliefs, ideas, and actions are more important than the group  Group Identity: The good of the group is more important than the rights of the individual

II. High culture and popular culture  High culture:  Popular Culture:  High culture:  Popular Culture:

High culture and popular culture  High culture: Elite culture  Popular Culture: Everyday culture  High culture: Elite culture  Popular Culture: Everyday culture

High Culture

III. Material and non- material culture  Material culture: All physical objects or artifacts, that people make and attach meaning to  Cars, books, clothing, churches  Non-Material Culture: Human creations that are not embodied in physical objects  Values, beliefs, norms, system of governments, traditions  Material culture: All physical objects or artifacts, that people make and attach meaning to  Cars, books, clothing, churches  Non-Material Culture: Human creations that are not embodied in physical objects  Values, beliefs, norms, system of governments, traditions

Non-Material Culture

IV. Values - Value : General idea that people share about what is good or bad, desirable or undesirable. -American Values: Competition, achievement, success, activity and work, humanitarianism, efficiency and practicality, progress, material comfort, equality, freedom, conformity, science and rationality, nationalism and patriotism, democracy, individuality, racial and ethnic group superiority - Value : General idea that people share about what is good or bad, desirable or undesirable. -American Values: Competition, achievement, success, activity and work, humanitarianism, efficiency and practicality, progress, material comfort, equality, freedom, conformity, science and rationality, nationalism and patriotism, democracy, individuality, racial and ethnic group superiority

V. Norms Norm: A specific guideline for action – how should people behave in certain situations? -They’re unspoken customs that people know and follow 1. Shaking hands 2. Raising hands in classroom What is the difference between a norm and a value? Norm: A specific guideline for action – how should people behave in certain situations? -They’re unspoken customs that people know and follow 1. Shaking hands 2. Raising hands in classroom What is the difference between a norm and a value?

V. Norms Folkways : Norms that are simply everyday habits and convention of a group of people – ex. shake hands, eat dessert after dinner, go to movies for a date, say bless you when someone sneezes

V. Norms  Mores : Norms people consider vital to their well-being and to their most cherished values - ex. no cannibalism  Laws : Rules enacted by a political body and enforced by the power of the state (police or military)  Mores : Norms people consider vital to their well-being and to their most cherished values - ex. no cannibalism  Laws : Rules enacted by a political body and enforced by the power of the state (police or military)

Laws

VI. Symbols and Language Symbols: Objects, gestures, sounds, or images that represent something other than themselves  Language: A system of verbal and, in many cases, written symbols with rules about how those symbols can be strung together to convey a more complex meaning Symbols: Objects, gestures, sounds, or images that represent something other than themselves  Language: A system of verbal and, in many cases, written symbols with rules about how those symbols can be strung together to convey a more complex meaning

Symbol

Language

 VII. Cultural Universals: Features that are common to all cultures  Ex. Body adornment, cooking, dancing, feasting, forms of greeting, family, funeral ceremonies, gift giving, housing, language, music, myths, religion, toolmaking  VII. Cultural Universals: Features that are common to all cultures  Ex. Body adornment, cooking, dancing, feasting, forms of greeting, family, funeral ceremonies, gift giving, housing, language, music, myths, religion, toolmaking

VIII. Cultural Integration and Diversity A.A culture with high Cultural Integration means that everything - what people do, how they think, their values, and society as a whole all fit together without much conflict B. Cultural Diversity is cultures staying separate – in a Culture with a high level of diversity there may be conflict A.A culture with high Cultural Integration means that everything - what people do, how they think, their values, and society as a whole all fit together without much conflict B. Cultural Diversity is cultures staying separate – in a Culture with a high level of diversity there may be conflict

VIII. Cultural Integration and Diversity C. Assimilation: the process by which newcomers to a society give up their culturally distinct beliefs, values, and customs, and take on those of the dominant culture.

VIII. Cultural Integration and Diversity D. Dominant Culture: The culture that is treated normal for the society as a whole -Subculture: A culture within a larger culture -Counter Culture: Subcultures that are oriented towards challenging the dominant culture or deliberately trying to change it D. Dominant Culture: The culture that is treated normal for the society as a whole -Subculture: A culture within a larger culture -Counter Culture: Subcultures that are oriented towards challenging the dominant culture or deliberately trying to change it

Counter Culture

IX. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism  Ethnocentrism: The tendency to view one’s own cultural patterns as good and right and those of others as strange or even immoral  Cultural Relativism: The belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards, rather than by applying the standards of another culture  Ethnocentrism: The tendency to view one’s own cultural patterns as good and right and those of others as strange or even immoral  Cultural Relativism: The belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards, rather than by applying the standards of another culture

X. How is culture made?  Cultural Gate Keepers: The group of people who have a hand in disseminating (spreading) culture  TV, music, advertisers, and more pick which culture to promote over others  Cultural Gate Keepers: The group of people who have a hand in disseminating (spreading) culture  TV, music, advertisers, and more pick which culture to promote over others

Gatekeepers

XI. Globalization  Cultures around the world becoming more and more mixed

Sources          Police_man_ganson.svg.png Police_man_ganson.svg.png   ThoughtFall2002/072036C E2-A7A8-7C19F9CDD290/0/chp_9_402.gif ThoughtFall2002/072036C E2-A7A8-7C19F9CDD290/0/chp_9_402.gif     Ot1K6fP0R*ePwBTGcm-SgMrjapr/HOLLYWOOD.jpg Ot1K6fP0R*ePwBTGcm-SgMrjapr/HOLLYWOOD.jpg           Police_man_ganson.svg.png Police_man_ganson.svg.png   ThoughtFall2002/072036C E2-A7A8-7C19F9CDD290/0/chp_9_402.gif ThoughtFall2002/072036C E2-A7A8-7C19F9CDD290/0/chp_9_402.gif     Ot1K6fP0R*ePwBTGcm-SgMrjapr/HOLLYWOOD.jpg Ot1K6fP0R*ePwBTGcm-SgMrjapr/HOLLYWOOD.jpg 