Department for ENGINEERING STRUCTURES Professor Vlado MICOV, Ph.D Head of Department

Bridge Engineering What can we offer?

IZIIS Experience in the Field of Bridge Engineering Evaluation of seismic parameters (local and regional) for design of bridges Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing bridges Diagnosis, repair and strengthening of existing bridges Experimental in situ investigations of existing bridges

Dynamic analyses of bridges during design phase Application of seismic isolation of bridge structures Creation of information systems for bridge populations in Macedonia needed for the purpose of developing an integral Bridge Management System (BMS) …Contd.

Application of Methodology for Diagnosis of RC Bridge Structures: “Goce Delcev” Bridge in Skopje

Destructive test for measurement of forces in the cables of the middle rib Taken concrete samples

Experimental Study o Ambient vibration tests o Forced vibration tests o Quasi-static tests o Shaking-table tests

Equipment for ambient vibration measurements  Seismometers  Signal conditioner  Fourier analyzer  Plotter o Ambient vibration tests o Forced vibration tests o Quasi-static tests o Shaking-table tests

Shakers Control units Accelerometers Amplifiers Fourier analyzer Equipment for forced vibration measurements o Ambient vibration tests o Forced vibration tests o Quasi-static tests o Shaking-table tests

Ambient and Forced vibration measurements on bridges - Case studies RC bridge near“Holliday In” hotel, Skopje Mode shapes of transversal, vertical and longitudinal vibrations

Pre-stressed RC overpass, Skopje Mode shapes of transversal, vertical and longitudinal vibrations

Disposition of a model ready for quasi-static test in IZIIS’ laboratory o Ambient vibration tests o Forced vibration tests o Quasi-static tests o Shaking-table tests

Shaking table test on a model Selected prototype structure for design of test models Designed model of a bridge with incorporated neoprene bearings and rubber stoppers 1. Model M1 - Neoprene bearings, actual vertical loads and rubber stoppers 2. Model M2 - Neoprene bearings, actual vertical loads, without rubber stoppers 3. Model M3 - Neoprene bearings, vertical loads lower than the prescribed ones o Ambient vibration tests o Forced vibration tests o Quasi-static tests o Shaking-table tests

1. Experimental tests on rubber stopper elements for control of dynamic behavior 2. Experimental tests on neoprene bearings under seismic loads 3.Seismic shaking table tests on bridge models with incorporated seismic isolation elements 4.Theoretical research and formulation of nonlinear models of individual seismic isolation models Seismic isolation of bridge structures

Experimental tests on neoprene bearings View of a neoprene bearing Schematic presentation of deformations Disposition of equipment used for quasi-static tests Application of cyclic displacement during a test

Selection of a bridge structure and vibration control elements Bridge over Vardar river along the Skopje – Gevgelija motorway

…Seismically Isolated Bridge Structures… o Application of elements for isolation and absorption of seismic energy in bridge structures is economically justified. o Design of isolation and seismic energy absorption elements can be successful and verified based on direct dynamic analyses performed for each concrete case o By use of typified elements for isolation and control of vibrations, practical design is simplified and based on selection of optimal elements for each concrete case.

Repair of Bridge Structures: Analytical Modeling and Static & Eigen Analyses Bridge “Goce Delchev” in Skopje

Seismic Evaluation of Bridge Structures: Analytical Modeling and Dynamic Analyses

…Animation of the Structural Response due to Earthquake Excitations Simulation of the structural behavior under real seismic input

Problems regarding the bridge populations in Republic of Macedonia  Problems related to existing structures  Problems related to design of new structures

 The institute can be involved in the phase of design of new bridge structures as performer of design, particularly contributing to harmonization of the technical documentation with the new standards (Euro codes).  The Institute can also be involved in the phase of design as a reviewer, in which way it will cooperate with other design engineers contributing to their involvement in application of the Euro codes. …Problems related to design of new bridge structures

…Design of new pedestrian bridge “Oko” in Skopje Numerical model

…Construction of the pedestrian bridge “Oko” in Skopje (with “Constructor” – Split) Construction of the foundation piles – drilling phase Construction of the right-side abutment Reinforcement of the foundation piles

Thank You For Your Attention