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 Capital: Cairo  Mostly desert  Less than 4% of land is inhabited  Nile River supplies water  Empties into Mediterranean, forming the Nile Delta

 Silt (small particles of rich soil) was left behind when the Nile flooded  Made land rich for farming

 Sinai Peninsula  NE of Nile delta  Suez Canal separates from the rest of Egypt  Canal passes from Med. To Red Sea

 Desert areas  Eastern Desert  Libyan Desert covers 2/3 of country  Oasis: fertile or green area in a desert

 Desert climate  Cairo only gets.4” of rain a year  Spring brings hot winds that can reach 87 MPH

 2% of land used for agriculture but 29% of people work in it  Crops: sugarcane, grains, vegetables, fruits, cotton

 Aswan High Dam Pro Controls floodwaters Store water for months Can be released more than once a year, so farmers can harvest more crops Con Block flow of silt, so land is less fertile More reliance on chemical fertilizers Less freshwater reaches delta, so saltwater comes farther up the delta

 Industry  AHD provides hydroelectric power  Factories make food products, textiles, consumer goods  Tourism

 Became independent from GB in 1952  Republican government

 Most people live within 20 miles of Nile  Fellahin: peasant farmers  Sell extra food at bazaar (marketplace) 

 Sahara covers more than 90%  No permanent rivers  Aquifers: underground rock layers that store large amounts of water

 Mostly Muslim  Speak Arabic  Capital: Tripoli  Dictatorship under Qaddhafi

 Mostly Muslim  Speak Arabic  Smallest country in N. Africa  Became independent republic in 1956  Capital: Tunis

 Largest country in N. Africa  Mostly Muslim  Speak Arabic  1962 won independence from France  Republic  Capital: Algiers

 North- Strait of Gibraltar  Constitutional monarchy  Capital: Rabat