Annotated Lecture Slides for Concentration AUTHORS: Robert Parson (University of Colorado Boulder) Trish Loeblein (University of Colorado Boulder) COURSE:

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SOLUTIONS Concentration Measurement: Molarity

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Annotated Lecture Slides for Concentration AUTHORS: Robert Parson (University of Colorado Boulder) Trish Loeblein (University of Colorado Boulder) COURSE: Introductory / Preparatory College Chemistry COPYRIGHT: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Learning goals Distinguish between dilute and concentrated solutions. Predict how various actions affect the concentration and number of moles of a solution. Use the molarity of a solution to calculate the moles of solute present in a given volume of the solution. Use the molarity of a solution to calculate the volume needed to provide a given number of solute moles. Calculate final volume or concentration of solutions prepared by dilution

Solutions Solute: the substance that is dissolved. Solvent: the substance that does the dissolving. – When a solution forms, the solute molecules or ions become evenly dispersed throughout and surrounded by solvent molecules. Ionic compoundMolecular compound Glucose highlighted in yellow for visibility

Concentration units: Molarity (M) Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters of solution If given mol and L, then can determine M. If given mol and M, can determine L. If given M and L, can determine mol.

Which action(s) will increase the concentration of the solution? ①Add more Co(NO 3 ) 2 ②Evaporate water ③Drain solution A.(1) only B.(1) and (2) C.(2) and (3) D.(1) and (3) E.(1), (2), and (3)

Which action(s) will change the number of moles of solute in the container? ①Add water ②Evaporate water ③Drain solution A.(1) only B.(2) only C.(3) only D.(1) and (2) E.(2) and (3)

Which action(s) will increase the concentration of the solution? ①Add more Co(NO 3 ) 2 ②Evaporate water ③Drain solution A.(1) only B.(1) and (2) C.(2) and (3) D.(1) and (3) E.(1), (2), and (3)

Which action(s) will change the number of moles of solute in the container? ①Add water ②Evaporate water ③Drain solution A.(1) only B.(2) only C.(3) only D.(1) and (2) E.(2) and (3)

How many moles of solute are in the beaker? a molesb molesc moles d moles e. None of these

What will happen to the concentration and the number of moles when water is added? Concentration Number of moles a.IncreaseDecrease b.IncreaseIncrease c.No changeNo change d.DecreaseDecrease e.DecreaseNo change

Dilutions To decrease the concentration of a solution, add more solvent – The number of solute particles stay the same, but the number of solvent particles increases and the ratio of solute/solvent particles also changes – This means that the total volume also increases Ratio of solute/solvent: 8/10 Ratio of solute/solvent: 8/20 solute solvent

Dilutions Usually, a more concentrated solution is used to make the dilute solutions Equation: “moles equals moles” M dil V dil = M conc V conc M dil = Desired dilute molarity V dil = desired total volume M conc = Concentrated molarity (stock solution) V conc = Volume of concentrated solution

You start with 0.1 L of a 5.00 M solution of NiCl 2, and you plan to dilute it (by adding water) to make a solution with a concentration of M. How far should you fill the beaker? a. 200 mL b. 400 mL c. 600 mL d. 800 mL e. 1 L