CHAPTER 8 Solutions and Other Mixtures

MATTER MIXTURES SUBSTANCES Homogeneous Elements HeterogeneousCompounds

Mixtures Heterogeneous –Suspensions Maybe filtered out Immiscible –Do not mix –Colloid Can not be filtered –Emulsion A colloid in which liquids that do not normally mix are spread throughout each other Homogeneous –Solutions Solute – dissolves Solvent –liquid the solute dissolves into Miscible – 2 or more liquids form a single layer when mixed –Separated by distillation

Paper Chromatography used to separate mixtures into their components Solute (Water) (Ink) Solvent – liquid that dissolves the solute Solute – pigment particles Different solute particles have different strengths of attraction to the liquid and the cellulose fibers.

Mixtures Other states of matter can form solutions –Gases can dissolve in liquids (air, soft drinks) Solids can dissolve in other solids –Alloy – homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or more metals CD lab 14 & Penny experiment: alloys

How Substances Dissolve Water The Universal Solvent 2/3 of Earth’s Surface ¾ of our Body Weight

Water – Polar Compound Electrons are not evenly distributed –H + –O – –Polar compound Water molecules attract both + and – ions of an ionic compound

Drops on penny extension lab

CAN NOT BE SEPARATED with physical methods CAN BE SEPARATED

Solvent – liquid that dissolves the solute Solute – pigment particles Different solute particles have different strengths of attraction to the liquid and the cellulose fibers. Mixtures CAN be separated by physical means SortingFiltering Heating Cooling Chromatography

CAN NOT BE SEPARATED CAN BE SEPARATED 2 or more types of matter 1 type of matter

SUBSTANCES CANNOT be separated into different kinds of matter Element –Made of only one type of atom Elements are made of atoms, and not the other way around Compounds –Made of elements of 2 or more elements –Every compound is different than the elements it contains

Substances Element –Substance with 1 type of matter –Examples: Periodic table –One capital letter –Zinc, hydrogen, copper, Compound –Substance with 2 or more types of matter –Examples: Compound –Two capital letter –Hydrochloric acid (HCl) –Table salt (NaCl) –Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

CAN NOT BE SEPARATED CAN BE SEPARATED 2 or more types of matter 1 type of matter

MIXTURES Heterogeneous –Contains more than 1 type of matter –Not uniform Homogeneous –Contains more than 1 type of matter –Same throughout Before it is Open? After it is Open? Examples: Chicken noodle soup Vanilla ice cream Examples: Soda pop Ink from a marker

CAN NOT BE SEPARATED CAN BE SEPARATED 2 or more types of matter 1 type of matter

Solutions HOMOGENEOUS –Smallest particles Examples: –Penny –Solution X –Water –Food coloring & water –Alloys 14 Kt gold

Colloids HETEROGENEOUS –Medium Size –Shows Tyndall Effect –Does not form layers Examples: –Corn starch –Gelatin

Suspension HETEROGENEOUS –Large Size –NO Tyndall Effect –Forms layers Examples: –Muddy water –Clay & water –Oil & water