SECTION 5 LESSON 9 THE OVER-ARCHING INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE THE STRUCTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION IS THE PRIMARY DETERMINATE OF ALL OTHER FACTORS AND SYSTEMS Under Construction

Counterproductive Structures and Their Dynamics and Effects Structures with vertical and horizontal systems that are fragmented, contained, and compartmentalized, even though they are interdependent, tend to promote resentment, distrust, and paranoid projections that lead to limited, inauthentic communication, rumors, and reporting secretly on one another. Such groups tend toward exclusive social clustering with prejudice and mutual sabotage. Even within a contained group, rivalry, invidious comparisons, animosity, and prejudice can develop over the slightest differences, resulting in poor cooperation and poor performance.

Vertical-Hierarchical and Horizontal structure of an organization separates functions that, while involving different tasks, are actually interdependent. They may also be related sequentially. Goals are contained. Information concerning projects is disseminated top down and compartmentalized and restricted in temporal range. The result is that workers and departments suffer from myopia and language and perspective barriers that make each department a ghetto viewing all others as outsiders. I B A D C II B A D C HEAD Hierarchical Table of Organization and Departmental Horizontal Layout

THE EFFECTS of the SOCIAL SYSTEM’S LEVELS of PREJUDICE and COMMUNICATION PATTERNS on AGGRESSION and LEVELS OF PERFORMANCE a PROGRESSIVE VICIOUS CYCLE INTERACTION of HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL, and SOCIAL SYSTEMS and THEIR COMBINED EFFECTS on PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS

A M L MM M MM L L L L L L L L L LL L L L L L L A M L Vertical Systems Prejudice Religious Prejudice Ethnic, Racial Prejudice Gender, Age, Size Prejudice Horizontal, Vertical, and Social Separateness aggravates prejudices, increases conflict, and decreases communication and performance. As people come into the institution with ALL KINDS of prior prejudices and are separated by departments, locations, rank, & social grouping and external group references. Communication breaks down, overt and/or covert aggression increases, & performance decreases. As performance decreases, prejudice, overt &/or covert aggression, poor communication all increase. This is a vicious cycle. The circle shapes represent vertical levels of employees. The squares represent the various kinds of prejudice against one another distributed randomly throughout the institution. The Interaction Between Horizontal Systems, Social Systems With Prejudice, Poor Communication, Overt and Covert Aggression and Their Effects on Performance Systems

STAFFS’ & STUDENTS’ VERTICAL & SOCIAL GROUPING BY RACE, RELIGION, POLITICS, GENDER, AGE & SIZE STAFF’S TENDENCIES TO BE EXCLUSIVE OR INCLUSIVE Admin Mid Manage LINE I N C L U SI V E EXCLUSIVEEXCLUSIVE STUDENT’S TENDENCIES TO BE EXCLUSIVE OR INCLUSIVE. DO THEY MIRROR STAFF TENDENCIES TO BE EXCLUSIVE OR INCLUSIVE? AGE, SIZE, GENDER GROUPING INCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE ETHNIC/RACIAL GROUPING EXCLUSIVE INCLUSIVE RELIGIOUS GROUPING INCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE STRUCTURE AND INTERACTION OF VERTICAL, SOCIAL, AND PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS

Inevitable Negative Effects of Counterproductive Organizational Structures In organizations with minimal or counterproductive structures, the negative traits of the individual tend to surface and exacerbate negative trends. Typically, the organization's difficulties are blamed on negative personalities rather than faulty structures.

Top Management Middle Management Line Staff I have this great plan that I’m sure you will all want to follow. I want you to tell me what you think. I just want us all to be one big happy family. Yes sir! Whatever you say, sir! You’re the Boss. Silently to self: ‘No matter what I do I never feel that they are being completely open with me. It seems like the only way I can be sure they will do it is if I threaten them in some way.’ Silently to self: ‘God! What an idiot! You can’t tell him anything. His plans are so unrealistic. Its like when you get to the top you are all the sudden in a different world. We can’t relate to them any more. Its like all of the sudden we are subhuman and they are super human. I always feel tense and uncomfortable around the boss. I don’t like being around him and to be honest, even though I know he is not really such a bad guy, I just don’t like him.’ I have this great plan that I’m sure you will all want to follow. I want you to tell me what you think. I just want us all to be one big happy family. Hey, lay off. I’ll do my job. I don’t have to be threatened. What! Do you think I’m stupid? Silently to self: ‘No matter what I do I never feel that they are being completely open with me. It seems like the only way I can be sure they will do it is if I threaten them in some way.’ Silently to self: The system always sucks. We are always the ones that get screwed. They treat us like we are idiots and make us do these ridiculous things that never work and if you say anything, they accuse you of being oppositional and unmotivated. Don’t worry, though, they’ll get theirs! RELATIONS ACROSS THE VERTICAL SYSTEM: STEREOTYPES, PREJUDICES AND INCLUSIVE-EXCLUSIVE BEHAVIOR

Mr.. Friendly Mr.. Get Out of My Face! Mr. Distrust Hi ! I want to be your friend. I like everybody! Hey! I don’t like strangers and people who are different from me. You’re different from me. I hate your kind. So just don’t get in my way or I’ll have to bust you one! Understood ! I don’t want to be your friend. I just want your kind to leave me alone.__ Silently to self: How embarrassing. They are so stupid. I don’t understand them at all. It drives me nuts when they come around. I hope no one saw them talking to me. They always act so silly and think they are such hot stuff. If they only knew!! GENDER, AGE, PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTE STEREOTYPES, PREJUDICES AND INCLUSIVE-EXCLUSIVE BEHAVIOR

Mr. Friendly Mr. Get Out of My Face Mr. Distrust Hey there! You look like a nice person. Let’s sit together at lunch today and get to know one another. OK! Who the hell do you think you are? You sure are pushy! I don’t have to put up with your kind always trying to horn in. I’ve got boundaries and they sure do not include you and your kind!!! Oh, yes. Well thank you, but I’m afraid I’ll be busy. Maybe some other time. Silently to self: Doesn’t that idiot know we don’t associate with them. Particularly in public. My God! What kind of people are they? I hate it when they approach me like that. I just want to be left alone. RACIAL & ETHNIC STEREOTYPES, PREJUDICES AND INCLUSIVE-EXCLUSIVE BEHAVIOR

Mr. Friendly Mr. Get Out of My Face Mr. Distrust Hi! I want to be your friend. I have a wonderful religion and we love everybody. If you feel like it, I would really like to tell you about my religion and religious group because you may want to join us if you knew more about it. Listen Bud! I’m just looking for someone to bust up. If you insult me with your friendly come on just to suck me in, you’ve got a surprise coming! If you think you can just to trick me into agreeing with you that your religion and beliefs are better than mine, then that is all the excuse I need to use you as my punching bag for today!!! If you don’t mind! Please leave me alone & do not bother me with your crazy religious ideas._ Silently to self: I hate pushy religious fanatics!!! And I certainly do not want to join any silly groups! RELIGIOUS STEREOTYPES, PREJUDICES AND INCLUSIVE-EXCLUSIVE BEHAVIOR