BRACE Character Profile™ INTERVIEWING & INTERROGATION NEGOTIATION & PROFILING for Law Enforcement APPLIED FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT copyright © 2005 Russell L. Smith, M.S. BRACE™ Analysis

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301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder GOOD COP –Maximize similarities... –Take your time... do not rush –Be consistent and predictable –Make communications clear and matter-of-fact –Be direct, honest, simple, but totally in charge & powerful –Sit facing, don’t stand –Keep facial expressions to a minimum & non-threatening Distrust & Suspiciousness

301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder BAD COPS –Maximize differences –Rush... interrupt... imply –Be inconsistent/unpredictable –Mumble, misuse words, drop your voice at key times –Whisper, be sarcastic –Walk behind, leave the room –Smirk, grimace, look at windows/wall/forehead –Switch eyes Distrust & Suspiciousness

Schizoid Personality Disorder GOOD COP –Do not take indifference or lack of emotions personally –Be direct & clear –Be calm and matter-of-fact –Give extra time to respond... – Later give a chance to write –Loner with few interests; discover & talk about –Do not be surprised at detailed, easy confessions Detached & Restricted

Schizoid Personality Disorder BAD COPS –Focus on social relationships, any and all kinds; get details –Talk about family, neighborhood, school, and ask about team sports –Attempt to engage in some interactive activity –Just be engaging and then leave the room... come back and start over Detached & Restricted

Schizotypal Personality Disorder GOOD COP –Often feel they, have special powers, are superstitious, believe in paranormal. Let them explain. See how it fits. –Expect interacting to be awkward, off key or strange –Do not show disapproval –Be clear, tolerant, supportive Discomfort, Distortions & Eccentricities

Schizotypal Personality Disorder BAD COPS –Get physically close to –Ask about social life, friends –Challenge any strange or unusual statements –Comment on inadequacies –Add the same as for Paranoid... whispering, exiting room, walking behind, looking at one- way mirror, etc. Discomfort, Distortions & Eccentricities

301.7 Antisocial Personality Disorder GOOD COP –Will present self as justified, a victim of others or circumstance... do not reject, leave an open door –Indicate understanding how anyone can make a mistake –Show what’s in it for them – Indicate job dissatisfaction Disregards and Violates Rights

301.7 Antisocial Personality Disorder BAD COPS –Act confident and indifferent –Challenge statements about rights and responsibilities –Be protective of victims name, rights, situation –Press the “facts” of the case –“Awfulize” everything –Play on noncompliant and oppositional tendencies Disregards and Violates Rights

Borderline Personality Disorder GOOD COP –Be engaging, but “with them” –Join their point of view –Let them reinforce you –Indicate care and concern for their well-being. Set limits. –At hints of self-injury, set the limits according to policy and then be the one to “rescue” within policy guidelines Unstable & intense, identity problems, impulsive, SIB...

Borderline Personality Disorder BAD COPS – Be aware of their fear of abandonment... being left alone... having no one to care –Tell them to grow up, get a life –Keep the focus in the present and on their behavior, their choices, their responsibilities Unstable & intense, identity problems, impulsive, SIB...

Histrionic Personality Disorder GOOD COP –Explore feelings and reasons for current emotional state –Give them lots of attention –Give them center stage –Expect them to flirt –Be a strong authority figure –Show protective concern –Do not expect much depth Emotionality and Attention Seeking

Histrionic Personality Disorder BAD COPS –Interrupt by asking for explanations, details, examples... –Actively compete for center stage... restrict “acting-out” –Minimize the importance of feelings –Make others involved more important Emotionality and Attention Seeking

Narcissistic Personality Disorder GOOD COP –Show respect, admiration, and be easily impressed –“Understand” their special abilities and attributes –Present yourself as important and having “connections” Grandiosity, Need for Admiration, Lack of Empathy

Narcissistic Personality Disorder BAD COPS –Do not cater to in any way –Relate to with indifference –Comment on their negative characteristics –Belittle their achievements –Portray them as ordinary, common, and dull Grandiosity, Need for Admiration, Lack of Empathy

Avoidant Personality Disorder GOOD COP –Provide protective structure –Be a source of safety/security –Be sensitive to social anxiety –Find something to be positive about and use non-threatening questions –Minimize criticism, disapproval, and rejection Social Inhibition, Feelings of Inadequacy, and Hypersensitivity

Avoidant Personality Disorder BAD COPS –Be critical –Display willingness to belittle and humiliate others –Display an arrogant disregard for the feelings of others –Vaguely hint that they will become the center of negative attention... be evaluated, etc. Social Inhibition, Feelings of Inadequacy, and Hypersensitivity

301.6 Dependent Personality Disorder GOOD COP –Be assertive but protective and supportive –Be confident and full of knowledge about their situation –Listen and display a willingness to take charge Submissive and clinging... excessive need to be taken care of

301.6 Dependent Personality Disorder BAD COPS –Be vague, inconsistent, and ask complex and confusing questions –Be impersonal and unfriendly –Indicate a lack of concern for their present or future –Accent the negative and focus on their having to go it alone Submissive and clinging... excessive need to be taken care of

301.4 Obsessive- Compulsive Personality Disorder GOOD COP –Be matter-of-fact and confident –Give short, precise answers and ask short specific questions –Be neat, clean in manner and speech –Provide clear structure Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

301.4 Obsessive- Compulsive Personality Disorder BAD COPS –Be messy in dress, unkempt in appearance –Create an impression of disorder and lack of concern for precision and detail –Be ambiguous and inconsistent in advice, behavior, and emotions Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control