Zhaobo Zhang Huawei Technologies (USA)

 Background of IP Network  System Reliability  Causes of unreliable network  Potential Directions

 Fast growing  computers/mobile device; ISP(regional, backbones ); IXP  Primary source of information sharing & communication  Various applications  Data, voice, video conferencing, P2P  High demands  QoS, reliability, efficiency Billions Millions Thousands Hundreds

2010 Internet The Opte Project by Barrett Lyon Seek to make an accurate representation of the Internet using visual graphics.

 Metrics  Quality of service  connectivity, E2E delay, E2E packet loss rate  Network topology, service level agreement  Availability = MTBF/(MTBF+MTTR)  Mean Time Between Failure, Mean Time to Repair  e.g %, means annual downtime 5.15 mins  Verification  Through fault insertion test and field data

 IP connectivity errors  unstable transmission, overflow throughput, delay, network security threat, IP resource management  Network mis-configuration  network topology loop, non-optimal path, duplex mismatch, protocol unawareness  Software  version/patch conflict; Logic mis-configuration; device driver bugs,  Environment  Cable/fiber cut/device damage; electrical noise, power outage  Hardware: power/clock, logic aging, ram failure, soft error

 Reliability-aware hardware design  Redundancy: RAM, link, NPU, board  Built in smart logic  Monitor misbehavior (e.g. delay increase), early alert  Monitor traffic, Balance traffic/heat to slow aging, auto-reroute to avoid defective logic. NPU RAM Smart Orange colors are spares

 Data mining & automated process  Learn history data, provide guidance for current/next generation design, verification introduction, debug Data R&DCMO&M Failure cases Test & component stats Field-return data Field failure cases Design spec Verification list Fault database FIT result FMEA

 Big data, big network, big infrastructure, BIG power  Power consumption control  Low power design  Dynamic control: sleep mode, turn off SerDes, MAC  Thermal control  Heat is an enemy of devices  every 10 degrees Celsius of temperature rise, the speed of all chemical reactions doubles. Wikipedia: I know everything! Google: I have everything! Facebook: I know everybody Internet: Without me you all nothing! Electricity: keep talking bitches. 2% Global energy usage

 Fault tolerant control layer design/testing  SDN & open flow  Decouple network control and forwarding functions  Directly programmable network control  controller performs design validation as part of configuring the network and that design validation eliminates manual errors Business Application Network Service Application Layer Infrastructure Layer SDN Control Layer