 Warm-up: Explain why you agree or disagree with the following statement: “By and large, women benefited from the rise of Islam.”

 What were the main patterns of life in the Middle East?  Most people lived in small farming communities near a source of water and so would their posterity.  Labor was divided along gender lines.  Most villages would have a mosque and a few small stores.  A section of the house, no matter how small, was set aside as the women’s quarters.  Villagers would not typically trust outsiders.

 Families were strictly patriarchal.  Women typically sought their husband’s approval, and children were expected to obey their parents.  React: Compare this to your household.

 Traditionally arranged  Very political  enhance or maintain your family’s status.  Koran permits a man to have up to 4 wives, as long as he treats each of them equally.  Very difficult for a woman to divorce a man, but not the other way around “I divorce you” 3xs  React: Would you like to live in this society? Explain.

 According to the Koran, “Men are the managers of the affairs of women.”  Muslims believed that women were more likely to bring dishonor on their family.  Women must:  Be modest and remain secluded within the home.  Conceal their faces from male non-family members.  Women did exercise considerable influence inside their home.

 Koran outlawed female infanticide.  Women gained the right to education and the ability to inherit property.  Equal in God’s eyes.

 Imperialism: The control by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.  Nationalism: Pride and loyalty to one’s country.

 Growth in European imperialism and nationalism.  European powers were encouraging the people within the Ottoman Empire to revolt.  “Sick man of Europe.”  Sultans refuse to implement changes.

 “Young Turks”: young army officers that form a revolutionary group.  Goal to strengthen the Empire and end western imperialism.  1908, overthrew the sultan and placed a new sultan in power.  Not tolerant of ethnic or religious differences  Armenian genocide.  Sided with Germany against Britain, France, and Russia during WWI.

 After WWI Greece seized control of Anatolia, which upset ethnic Turks.  A military general, Mustafa Kemal, leads a successful resistance movement and eventually abolishes the Ottoman Empire.  Kemal takes the name “Ataturk” “father of the Turks.”

 Make Turkey a modern secular state.  Insisted on a separation between church and state.  Used government funds to build industries.  Introduced western legal reform  Women won the right to vote and hold public office.  Used the western calendar and system of weights and measures

 Introduced the western alphabet  Western style of clothing  Women couldn’t wear a veil in public.  Won the support of Turkish nationalists and European countries, but was not a friend of many Muslims.

 During WWI, some Arabs helped the British fight the Ottomans. In return, they expected to receive an independent kingdom, located in historical Palestine.  Britain and France gained control of many Arab lands that had been part of the O.E.  Only Saudi Arabia gained independence.  Iraq  1932  Lebanon  1943  Syria  1946