Painting and Sculpture Were Not the Only Arts Revolutionized During the Renaissance The Writers of the Renaissance

Machiavelli Machiavelli was born in Florence Machiavelli was born in Florence Machiavelli was born into a tumultuous era Machiavelli was born into a tumultuous era Popes were leading armies, and wealthy city-states of Italy were falling into the hands of foreign powers Popes were leading armies, and wealthy city-states of Italy were falling into the hands of foreign powers It was a time of constantly shifting alliances and governments rising and falling in the space of weeks. It was a time of constantly shifting alliances and governments rising and falling in the space of weeks.

The Prince Why did Machiavelli write The Prince? Why did Machiavelli write The Prince? –Bitter about invasion by foreigners –Disliked turmoil caused by Spanish and French invasions

The Question What question did Machiavelli try to answer? What question did Machiavelli try to answer? –Why did some rulers succeed and others fail? –How can a ruler gain power and keep it despite his enemies?

Strategies What kinds of strategies did Machiavelli offer rulers? What kinds of strategies did Machiavelli offer rulers? –Be as strong as a lion to fight enemies –Be as shrewd as a fox to outwit enemies –A prince might have to trick his enemies and even his own people for the good of the state. What phrase is Machiavelli associated with? What phrase is Machiavelli associated with? –The ends justify the means

Machiavelli’s Legacy What has Machiavelli’s name come to stand for? What has Machiavelli’s name come to stand for? –Trickery and double-dealing What was Machiavelli like himself? What was Machiavelli like himself? –Upright, honest and religious

Like Machiavelli and Castiglione, Dante Was an Important Renaissance Writer… Dante’s Divine Comedy was very influential during the Renaissance Dante’s Divine Comedy was very influential during the Renaissance

In The Divine Comedy Dante describes adventures in three different settings: In The Divine Comedy Dante describes adventures in three different settings: –Paradise –Purgatory –Inferno

In the story, Dante is accompanied on his trip by Bernard of Clairvaux ( ) and Virgil (70 B.C-19 B.C). In the story, Dante is accompanied on his trip by Bernard of Clairvaux ( ) and Virgil (70 B.C-19 B.C). –Both of these men are classical writers How does this story reflect the Values of the Renaissance? How does this story reflect the Values of the Renaissance?

Dante uses vernacular for the first time What is vernacular? What is vernacular? –Vernacular is the language commonly used by average people –Before the Divine Comedy, poets wrote in a style which was not accessible to “regular” people. How would using vernacular encourage the spread of Renaissance ideas?

Objectives Explain how the Renaissance spread. Explain how the Renaissance spread. Compare & contrast the It. Ren. w/the N. Ren. Compare & contrast the It. Ren. w/the N. Ren.

Where it all began Flanders Flanders Not this Flanders Not this Flanders BUT……. This Flanders BUT……. This Flanders

Johann Gutenberg Printing Press Printing Press Produce books 500x faster Produce books 500x faster Books were cheaper Books were cheaper Non-religious books were printed Non-religious books were printed

Vernacular Everyday language of the people in a country or region, as distinct from official or formal language Everyday language of the people in a country or region, as distinct from official or formal language

Trade Pop. begins to increase = Pop. begins to increase = Trade increases Trade increases Diffusion of Culture Diffusion of Culture Ideas spread Ideas spread

Writers of the Northern Renaissance By 1500s, Renaissance ideas began to spread throughout Europe In the Northern Renaissance, writers focused more on ethics than they did in Italy

Thomas More ( ) Wrote Utopia Wrote about Ideal society Ideal society was classless, all things were owned by everyone

Erasmus ( ) Wrote Praise of Folly Satirized human stupidity, greed and intolerance Made fun of the teachings of the church Satire: use of irony and sarcasm to make fun of the world

William Shakespeare ( ) 1 of the greatest playwrights of all time An influence on the language of Eng. Invented words like amazement dislocated lackluster premeditated

Renaissance Art in Northern Europe Italy  change inspired by humanism Italy  change inspired by humanism emphasis on revival of the values of classic Greece & Rome. emphasis on revival of the values of classic Greece & Rome. No. Europe  change driven by religious reform No. Europe  change driven by religious reform return to Christian values return to Christian values Interest in landscapes. Interest in landscapes. emphasis on middle-class/peasant life. emphasis on middle-class/peasant life.

Jan van Eyck Jan van Eyck Jan van Eyck created realistic images created realistic images Very detailed Very detailed Used subtle colors Used subtle colors

Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife (Wedding Portrait) Jan Van Eyck 1434

Jan van Eyck - Giovanni Arnolfini & His Wife (details)

Massys’ The Moneylender & His Wife, 1514

Hans Holbein, the Younger ( ) One of the great German artists One of the great German artists Henry VIII was his patron Henry VIII was his patron Great portraitist noted for: Great portraitist noted for: Doesn’t conceal the weaknesses of his subjects. Doesn’t conceal the weaknesses of his subjects.

Hans Holbein the Younger Paintings of the British royal family in almost photographic detail. The Tudors (British Royal Family) Jane Seymour Henry VIII

Pieter Bruegel the Elder ( ) A master of landscapes; not a portraitist. A master of landscapes; not a portraitist. People in his works often have round, blank, faces. People in his works often have round, blank, faces. They are expressionless, mindless, and sometimes malicious. They are expressionless, mindless, and sometimes malicious. They are types, rather than individuals. They are types, rather than individuals. Their purpose is to convey a message. Their purpose is to convey a message.

Bruegel’s, Tower of Babel, 1563

Bruegel’s, Mad Meg, 1562