Beginning Greek for Bible Study Class #8 Using the Tools Evgw, eivmi to; A[lfa kai; to; w=

Paper Tools Concordance – a book that lists every occurrence of a particular word in the Bible Bible Dictionary – a book that gives the meaning and usually additional information about particular topics in the Bible Commentary – a book that explains the meaning of a particular book in the Bible Lexicon – a dictionary for either Greek or Hebrew words

Electronic Tools Bible Software – these are programs which contain a variety of Bible versions, dictionaries, commentaries, concordances, and sometimes parsing information Online Tools – these are websites which contain many of the above tools, but are accessed on the Internet rather than through a software program running on your computer

Tonight Focus on electronic tools, both software and online Focus on using concordances and Bible dictionaries Then… August 8 th – focus on doing word studies August 8 th – focus on doing word studies August 22 nd – focus on using commentaries August 22 nd – focus on using commentaries

Concordance A book that lists every occurrence of a particular word in the Bible It is helpful for doing topical studies, looking for cross-references, and finding particular verses Limitations: You must use a concordance for the particular version of the Bible you are using You must use a concordance for the particular version of the Bible you are using Topical study – just looking up a particular word or words may leave out key texts Topical study – just looking up a particular word or words may leave out key texts Context – a concordance limits the context Context – a concordance limits the context

Paper Concordances NASB – The Strongest NASB Exhaustive Concordance (Zondervan) - $25 ($40) ESV – The Crossway Comprehensive Concordance of the Holy Bible, English Standard Version (Crossway) - $30 ($40) NIV – The Strongest NIV Exhaustive Concordance (Zondervan) - $25 ($40) KJV – The Strongest Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (Zondervan) - $18 ($35)

How to Use a Concordance

How to Use an Online Concordance

Paper Bible Dictionaries Nave’s Topical Bible Treasury of Scripture Knowledge Nelson’s Bible Dictionary Unger’s Bible Dictionary International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

Online Dictionaries

Software Most Bible software packages have an “entry level” product that is usually not much use Hint: most of the good resources you will pay for. The mediocre resources are often “public domain” Many of the programs have a free demo that you can download and try before you buy it

Software Look for: The Bible versions you want and will use The Bible versions you want and will use The dictionaries & commentaries that you want and will use The dictionaries & commentaries that you want and will use An interlinear Bible An interlinear Bible An interface that is comfortable to you An interface that is comfortable to you If you want to dig deeper into the original languages, look for Greek/Hebrew resources If you want to dig deeper into the original languages, look for Greek/Hebrew resources

Software Mac Accordance ($ ) Accordance ($ ) Logos (in process, coming soon) Logos (in process, coming soon) Others OthersPC PC Study Bible ($ ) PC Study Bible ($ ) Logos ($ ) Logos ($ ) Bibleworks ($350) Bibleworks ($350) Quickverse ($ ) Quickverse ($ ) E-sword (free*) E-sword (free*) Others Others

If you’re still confused… Ask the teacher before you buy something!

Homework Practice doing some concordance searches Use the online resources If you’re interested, investigate Bible software and print versions of the resources mentioned

Advanced Class Class #8 Verbs, Verbs, & More Verbs!

The Greek verb Tense (Present, Imperfect, Future, Aorist, Perfect) Tense signifies verbal aspect Tense signifies verbal aspect Tense sometimes can signify verbal time Tense sometimes can signify verbal time Voice (Active, Middle, Passive) Mood (Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive, Infinitive, Participle) Person (1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd ) Number (Singular, Plural)

How to Build a Verb Stem Connecting vowel Personal endings lu + ome n +

Present Active Indicative Person & Number GreekActiveTranslation Connecting vowel Personal ending 1 st singular lu,w I loose o 2 nd singular lu,eij You loose ej 3 rd singular lu,ei He/she/it looses ei 1 st plural lu,omen We loose omen 2 nd plural lu,ete You loose ete 3 rd plural lu,ousi(n ) They loose onsi

Present Passive Indicative Person & Number Greek Passive Translation Connecting Vowel endings 1 st singular lu,omai I am loosed omai 2 nd singular lu,h| You are loosed esai 3 rd singular lu,etai He/she/it is loosed etai 1 st plural lu,omeq a We are loosed omeqa 2 nd plural lu,esqe You are loosed esqe 3 rd plural lu,ontai They are loosed ontai

Future Active Indicative Person & Number Greek Active Translation Tense formative Connecting Vowel endings 1 st singular lu,sw I will loose so 2 nd singular lu,seij You will loose sej 3 rd singular lu,sei He/she/it will loose sei 1 st plural lu,some n We will loose somen 2 nd plural lu,sete You will loose sete 3 rd plural lu,sousi They will loose sonsi

Future Middle Indicative Person & Number Greek Active Translation Tense formative Connecting Vowel endings 1 st singular poreu,som ai I will go somai 2 nd singular poreu,sh| You will go sesai 3 rd singular poreu,setai He/she/it will go setai 1 st plural poreu,som eqa We will go someqa 2 nd plural poreu,sesq e You will go sesqe 3 rd plural poreu,sont ai They will go sontai

Master Verb Chart TenseAug/Redup Tense stem Tense form Connecting Vowel Personal Endings 1 st sing paradigm Present active Present o / e Primary active lu,w Present middle / passive Present o / e Primary middle / passive lu,oma i Future active s o / e Primary active lu,sw Future middle Future active s o / e Primary middle / passive poreu,so mai

Contract Verbs A contract verb is a verb that ends in alpha, epsilon, or omicron When the ending vowel of a contract verb meets the connecting vowel, the vowels contract poie + ete = poieite poie + ete = poieite

Contract Verbs – 8 Rules  ou is formed from eo, oe, and oo  ei is formed from ee  w is formed from almost any combination of o / w with any other vowel (except Rule #1)  a is formed from ae

Contract Verbs – 8 Rules  h is formed from ea  oei becomes oi 7.Dipthongs 1. If the contract vowel and the first vowel are the same, they simplify (eei = ei) 2. If the contract vowel and the first vowel are different, they contract (eou = ou) – if the last vowel is i, it subscripts – if the last vowel is u, it drops off 8.The true personal endings mostly look like the endings visible in the present active indicative

Root versus Stem

The Imperfect Tense The imperfect is one of two types of verbs that normally take place in the past The aspect of the imperfect is continuous action These two past tense verbs (the other is the aorist) are identified by an augment Formation: Augment + present tense stem + connecting vowel + secondary active personal endings Augment + present tense stem + connecting vowel + secondary active personal endings e + lu + o +n e + lu + o +n

The Imperfect Active Person & Number GreekActiveTranslation Connecting vowel Personal ending 1 st singular e;luon I was loosing on 2 nd singular e;luej You were loosing ej 3 rd singular e;lue(n) He/she/it was loosing en 1 st plural evlu,om en We were loosing omen 2 nd plural evlu,ete You were loosing ete 3 rd plural e;luon They were loosing on

The Imperfect Middle/Passive Formation: Augment + present tense stem + connecting vowel + secondary passive personal endings Augment + present tense stem + connecting vowel + secondary passive personal endings e + lu + o + mhn e + lu + o + mhn

The Imperfect Middle/Passive Person & Number GreekActiveTranslation Connecting vowel Personal ending 1 st singular evluo,m hn I was being loosed omhn 2 nd singular evlu,ou You were being loosed eso 3 rd singular evlu,eto He/she/it was being loosed eto 1 st plural evluo,m eqa We were being loosed omeqa 2 nd plural evlu,esq e You were being loosed esqe 3 rd plural evlu,ont o They were being loosed onto

Augment If the word begins with a consonant, the augment is epsilon with a smooth breathing mark If the word begins with a vowel, the augment is formed by lengthening the vowel If the word begins with a dipthong, the first letter lengthens or the dipthong does not change

Master Verb Chart TenseAug/Redup Tense stem Tense form Connecting Vowel Personal Endings 1 st sing paradigm Present active Present o / e Primary active lu,w Present middle / passive Present o / e Primary middle / passive lu,omai Imperfect active ePresent o / e Secondary active e;luon Imperfect mid/pass ePresent o / e Secondary mid/pass Evluo,mhn Future active s o / e Primary active lu,sw Future middle Future active s o / e Primary middle / passive poreu,somai

Homework Read chapters in Basics of Biblical Greek (blue book) Do the workbook exercises for chapters 17 & 21 Memorize your charts! Catch up on vocabulary!