This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Makowski P, Knutson J, Chae J, Crago P. Interaction of poststroke voluntary effort and functional neuromuscular electrical stimulation. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(1):85–98. Slideshow Project DOI: /JRRD JSP Interaction of poststroke voluntary effort and functional neuromuscular electrical stimulation Nathaniel Makowski; Jayme Knutson, PhD; John Chae, MD; Patrick Crago, PhD
This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Makowski P, Knutson J, Chae J, Crago P. Interaction of poststroke voluntary effort and functional neuromuscular electrical stimulation. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(1):85–98. Slideshow Project DOI: /JRRD JSP Aim – Determine whether: Force produced by voluntary effort and functional electrical stimulation (FES) add together independently of effort, or Increment in force depends on level of voluntary effort. Relevance – FES may augment functional arm and hand movement poststroke. – Poststroke neuroprostheses incorporating voluntary effort and FES must consider how forces combine in order to provide appropriate level of stimulation.
This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Makowski P, Knutson J, Chae J, Crago P. Interaction of poststroke voluntary effort and functional neuromuscular electrical stimulation. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(1):85–98. Slideshow Project DOI: /JRRD JSP Method Participants performed isometric force matching tasks under different combinations of voluntary effort and FES. Participants reached steady level of force. – While they attempted to maintain constant effort level, FES was applied to augment force.
This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Makowski P, Knutson J, Chae J, Crago P. Interaction of poststroke voluntary effort and functional neuromuscular electrical stimulation. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(1):85–98. Slideshow Project DOI: /JRRD JSP Results Increment in force produced by FES decreases as level of initial voluntary effort increases.
This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Makowski P, Knutson J, Chae J, Crago P. Interaction of poststroke voluntary effort and functional neuromuscular electrical stimulation. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(1):85–98. Slideshow Project DOI: /JRRD JSP Conclusion Potential mechanisms causing change in force output are proposed, but relative contribution of each mechanism is unknown.