Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Building Energy Efficient Homes: New Construction and Rehab HERS 86 (EnergyStar) minimum 30% Better Than the M.E.C. Other Considerations: Affordable; Durable; Healthy William Zoeller, R.A.

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Major Systems Affecting Building Energy Performance Building Envelope Building Envelope Air-tightness, Insulation levels Air-tightness, Insulation levels Water-management Water-management Windows and Glazing Systems Windows and Glazing Systems Glazing SHGC Glazing SHGC Overall “U” Value Overall “U” Value Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Equipment sizing, efficiency and location Equipment sizing, efficiency and location Duct tightness, distribution effectiveness, and location Duct tightness, distribution effectiveness, and location

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Major Systems Affecting Building Energy Performance Domestic Hot Water Domestic Hot Water Generation Generation Distribution Distribution Stand-by-losses Stand-by-losses Appliances Appliances Refrigerator, dishwasher, clothes washer/dryer Refrigerator, dishwasher, clothes washer/dryer Lighting and miscellaneous Lighting and miscellaneous

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Panelized Advanced Framing Panelized Advanced Framing 2 x 6 OC Panelized Advanced Framing 2 x 6 OC Low-e Windows Low-e Windows Foamed Stud Cavities with Blown in Cellulose (R-23) Foamed Stud Cavities with Blown in Cellulose (R-23) Inside-The Envelope AHU Inside-The Envelope AHU Foamed and Insulation Buried Ducts Foamed and Insulation Buried Ducts Affordable and Starter Homes Affordable and Starter Homes HERS 89 HERS 89 Outlook Construction Atlanta, GA

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Panelized Advanced Framing Panelized Advanced Framing Reduces Framing Cost and increases Level of insulation Reduces Framing Cost and increases Level of insulation Reduces on-Site Labor and Construction Time Reduces on-Site Labor and Construction Time Requires Additional Planning, But Improves Systems Integration Requires Additional Planning, But Improves Systems Integration

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Insulation-Buried Ducts Computer Modeling of Heat Flow From Insulation Buried Duct Section Through Foamed Over Insulation Buried Duct All ducts fully buried with several inches of insulation Larger trunks barely buried and smaller branches fully buried Larger trunks partially buried R-30R-15R-10

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Buried Duct Benefits Buried Duct Benefits Improves air distribution efficiency Improves air distribution efficiency Provides additional air- sealing at joints and registers Provides additional air- sealing at joints and registers Reduces Peak load allowing a smaller system to be used Reduces Peak load allowing a smaller system to be used Cost of foam can be offset by reduced cost of HVAC Cost of foam can be offset by reduced cost of HVAC

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan PANELIZED WALL AND ROOF SYSTEMS 25 Home In-fill Development 25 Home In-fill Development Panelized SIP Construction Panelized SIP Construction R-24 Walls R-24 Walls R-40 Roofs R-40 Roofs 92 AFUE Furnaces 92 AFUE Furnaces Mastic Sealed Ducts Mastic Sealed Ducts 1.2-kW PV Solar Systems 1.2-kW PV Solar Systems Low-e Windows Low-e Windows EnergyStar Appliances EnergyStar Appliances Compact Fluorescent Lighting Compact Fluorescent Lighting Controlled Ventilation Controlled Ventilation Claretian Associates South Chicago, Il

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan First SIP Project in Chicago First SIP Project in Chicago $155,000 cost for 1700 SF Home $155,000 cost for 1700 SF Home 5% Increase in Cost of Standard Construction 5% Increase in Cost of Standard Construction 50% Increase in Energy Efficiency 50% Increase in Energy Efficiency

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Panelized Wall and Roof Systems Cement Board Structural-Insulated-Panels Aluminum-Skinned SIP Roof Construction Structural-Steel Moment-Frame at Centerline Sold as Pre-Engineered Kit to Builder Standard and Custom Designs Available Low-Cost and Durable Homefront Homes

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Cement Board SIP Panels Hardie ® 5 / 16 ” thick cement board laminated to both sides of 4” thick polystyrene foam Cuts construction time by up to 75% High minimum R values with R-20 walls and R-30 roof No wood used in the home construction to avoid moisture and termite damage Panelized Wall Construction System: 3 days to complete the building shell

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Home Front Home Front homes proved exceptionally resilient when Hurricane Charley struck in August, 2004 Before Hurricane One mile away…. After Hurricane

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Unvented Crawlspace Improved Energy Efficiency Improved Energy Efficiency Improved Indoor-Air-Quality Improved Indoor-Air-Quality

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Low-e Glass Windows Low-e glass blocks out most long-wave radiation (heat) while allowing most of the short-wave radiation (light) to enter. Low-e glass blocks out most long-wave radiation (heat) while allowing most of the short-wave radiation (light) to enter.

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Typical Costs Extra cost for 300 SF low-e coating on double glazing: $300. Extra cost for 300 SF low-e coating on double glazing: $300. Savings in downsizing AC by ½ ton: $275. Savings in downsizing AC by ½ ton: $275. Net cost: $25. Net cost: $25.

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Additional Benefits of Low-e Windows Reduced cooling load needs smaller HVAC system Reduced cooling load needs smaller HVAC system Smaller HVAC system means lower air-flows, and simpler pressure balancing Smaller HVAC system means lower air-flows, and simpler pressure balancing By being more closely matched to both peak and non- peak cooling loads better dehumidification is achieved By being more closely matched to both peak and non- peak cooling loads better dehumidification is achieved (Improves IAQ and inhibits mold growth) (Improves IAQ and inhibits mold growth)

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan HVAC Optimization “Right-Sized” HVAC “Right-Sized” HVAC Manual J with no oversize Manual J with no oversize Compact design Compact design avoids ducts in outside walls avoids ducts in outside walls Less opportunity for leaks and losses Less opportunity for leaks and losses Less costly to install Less costly to install Better able to achieve air-flows Better able to achieve air-flows

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan OPTIMIZED HVAC Mercedes Homes Townhouses Melbourne, Florida Concrete and Panelized Construction Concrete and Panelized Construction Low-e windows Low-e windows Integrated HVAC Integrated HVAC AHU in Conditioned-space AHU in Conditioned-space EnergyStar Qualified EnergyStar Qualified

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Down-Sized HVAC Single Zone 1.5 Ton Capacity Heatpumps Compact Distribution First and Second Floor Returns Fresh-Air Duct

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan OPTIMIZED HVAC COMFORT TESTING

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Tankless Gas Water-Heater ECO-Block Walls ECO-Block Walls Fly-Ash Concrete Fly-Ash Concrete Low-e Windows Low-e Windows Integrated Compact HVAC Integrated Compact HVAC SEER 17 A/C SEER 17 A/C Tankless Water-Heater and Hydro-coil AHU Tankless Water-Heater and Hydro-coil AHU HERS 95 HERS 95 Madera I Model Home, Gainesville, Florida Takagi T-KD20

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Cost and Benefits Saves Space: Much smaller than a storage tank Saves Space: Much smaller than a storage tank Saves Energy: Stand-by losses are eliminated. Operating efficiency improves by 30% to 40% Saves Energy: Stand-by losses are eliminated. Operating efficiency improves by 30% to 40% Saves Energy: For space heating,.84 AFUE is higher than standard furnace at.80 AFUE Saves Energy: For space heating,.84 AFUE is higher than standard furnace at.80 AFUE Incremental cost increase is about $600. Very short initial pay-back, and immediate positive cash flow. Incremental cost increase is about $600. Very short initial pay-back, and immediate positive cash flow.

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Heat Pump Water Heater Installed in a home in Melbourne, Florida Installed in a home in Melbourne, Florida WatterSaver Integrated HPWH by ECR International, Inc. (product introduced Fall 2002) WatterSaver Integrated HPWH by ECR International, Inc. (product introduced Fall 2002) Monitoring began in April 2002 Monitoring began in April person household (2 adults & toddler) 3-person household (2 adults & toddler)

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Preliminary Findings Reliable Performance Reliable Performance Homeowners very pleased Homeowners very pleased 62% kWh savings 62% kWh savings $10/month savings at local electric rates of $.077/kWh $10/month savings at local electric rates of $.077/kWh

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Energy-Efficient Lighting, Appliances, and Controls Takoma Village, Washington, DC

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Takoma Village Washington, D.C. Other Sustainable Features Other Sustainable Features Energy Efficient Lighting Energy Efficient Lighting Low-VOC Paints and Finishes Low-VOC Paints and Finishes Fiber-Cement Siding Fiber-Cement Siding Recycled-Content Carpets Recycled-Content Carpets Horizontal-Axis Clothes Washer Horizontal-Axis Clothes Washer Tubular Skylights Tubular Skylights

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Putting It All Together Warwick Grove, Warwick, NY

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. HUD Energy Action Plan Putting It All Together Advanced Framing Advanced Framing Unvented Crawlspace Unvented Crawlspace Low-E Windows Low-E Windows Optimized HVAC Optimized HVAC 92% Condensing Furnace 92% Condensing Furnace 13 SEER Air-Conditioning 13 SEER Air-Conditioning Tankless Gas Water-Heater Tankless Gas Water-Heater EnergyStar Appliances EnergyStar Appliances HERS ! HERS !