“…. a technique in which the mass of a substance is measured as a function of temperature, while the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature.

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Presentation transcript:

“…. a technique in which the mass of a substance is measured as a function of temperature, while the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature programme.” “Controlled temperature programme” can mean: heating and/or cooling at a linear rate (by far commonest) isothermal measurements combinations of heating, cooling and isothermal stages other, more modern approaches, in which the temperature profile is modified according to the behaviour of the sample.

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Mass (%) in green, rate of mass loss (%/°C) in blue.

CONVECTION THROUGH SURROUNDING ATMOSPHERE CONDUCTION THROUGH SAMPLE PAN AND INSTRUMENT RADIATION FROM FURNACE WALL EXCHANGE OF GASES: REACTING GASES IN, PRODUCTS OUT INDICATION OF SAMPLE TEMPERATURE

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a = PVC, b= nylon-6, c = LDPE, d= PTFE

PROCESSWEIGHT GAINWEIGHT LOSS Ad- or absorption Desorption, drying Dehydration, desolvation Sublimation Vaporisation Decomposition Solid-solid reactions (some) Solid-gas reactions Magnetic transitions

D. M. Price, D. J. Hourston & F. Dumont, “Thermogravimetry of Polymers”, R. A. Meyers (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester (2000) pp G. R. Heal, “Thermogravimetry & Derivative Thermogravimetry”, in P.J. Haines (ed.) Principles of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry, ch. 4, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (2002) pp C. M. Earnest (Ed.), Compostional Analysis by Thermogravimetry, ASTM STP 97, American Society for Testing and Materials (1988).