 1. Declaration: statement or announcement.  2. Nuclear: comes from word “nucleus”. The core of a cell, which is very small. Referring to energy released from the splitting of atoms – also very small.  3. Radiation: energy coming from waves or rays, sending out particles.  4. Offensive: to attack, be aggressive. “Go on the offensive”.  5. Unconditional: total, with no conditions. The Japanese had to agree to “unconditional surrender”.

 Go back and think – What is an Atom?  The tiniest piece of anything.  How would you split the tiniest piece of anything apart?  You need an incredible amount of energy.  Imagine how destructive this energy could be.  Whoever figures this out can rule the world.

 If Germany and Japan had created an atomic bomb, it would be used against the Allies.  Secret Project by U.S. government to split an atom.

 Two atomic bombs were made, “Little Boy” and “Fat Man.”  “Little Boy was the first a-bomb to be used offensively. “Fat Man” “Little Boy”

 What were President Harry Truman’s motivations for using the Atomic Bomb against Japan in World War II?

 Americans were suffering many casualties and the Japanese were showing no signs of possible negotiation.  For months the U.S. had been firebombing Japanese cities. Tokyo, March, 1945

 20 Billion in todays dollars.  Some argued that since we paid so much for it, we had to use it.

 Japan would not agree to “unconditional surrender”.  An invasion of Japan would be too costly – in lives and money.  It could take years.  U.S running out of money. Tokyo, March, 1945

 Terms of surrender for Japan were outlined.  Unconditional Surrender vs. Conditional Surrender.  Map of Europe finalized.  Stalin demanded a lot, due to the fact it had highest number of casualties in Europe.

 Beginning of Cold War  Secretary of State Byrnes said it might make Russia more “manageable”.  At Potsdam, Stalin was difficult.  Stimson wrote in his diary, “ "the atomic bomb was the United States' master card in dealing, not just with Japan, but with the Soviet Union as well”.  The Soviet Union promised the U.S. it would join the war against Japan.  Truman didn’t wait.  Why could that be?

 Conditional Surrender – he stays on as Emperor.  U.S would not agree to this in June, War could have ended then.  After bombing, Hirohito surrenders.  The atomic bomb was given as the main reason for the surrender of Japan.

 8:15 AM, “The Little Boy” was dropped over the center of Hiroshima  It exploded about 2,000 ft. above the city and had a blast the equivalent to 13 kilotons of TNT.  Due to radiation, approximately 150,000 additional people have died.

 On August 10, 1945 thousands of leaflets were dropped over the city of Nagasaki. Sample Leaflet

 The “Fat Man” on August 9,  The Japanese finally surrendered on September 2, 1945.

 The younger they were at the time, and the more radiation they were exposed to, the higher their risk of illness.  Rain that follows any atomic detonation is laden with radioactive particles, and many survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki blasts succumbed to radiation poisoning.

 Headache  Shortness of breath  Rapid heartbeat  Inflammation of the mouth and throat  Worsening of tooth or gum disease  Hair loss  Dry cough  Heart inflammation with chest pain  Burning  Permanent skin darkening  Bleeding spots anywhere under the skin  Hemorrhage  Anemia

 45% of survivors experienced thyroid problem.  As of 1990, there were 176 reported deaths caused by leukemia among the survivors.  Damage to immune system

Rare photo taken at ground level of Nagasaki bombing Hiroshima was burnt to ashes