The most efficient Waste to Energy Technology Henry A. Melendez, Ph.D.

Index 1.Waste 2.Current Technologies 3.The Project 4.Process Description 5.Process Capacity 6.Financial Projections 7.Benefits

I. Waste  It is estimated that in modern cities between 0.5 and 2.0 kilograms of waste are produced daily per habitant.  Therefore one million people will generate between 500 and 2,000 tones waste per day, from which more than 65% are organic materials.  This project takes advantage from the already classified trash to separating the recycle materials such as paper, cardboards, glass, aluminium, steel, etc.  The remaining organic material is gasified and reformed in order to provide fuel (syngas rich in hydrogen) for the power generation engines, avoiding its accumulation in the dumps- landfills.

I. Waste Average main waste components in most Municipalities Organic Materials 53% Other type (partially organic) 16% Paper, cardboard and other paper products (organic) 15% Textile (organic) 1% Glass 6% Plastic (organic) 6% Metals 3%

II. Current Technologies  For the final waste disposal, basically there are only two methods nowadays:  Incineration  Sanitary Landfills  Both methods do not guarantee that waste is eliminated in a complete and clean manner. Also both methods pollute soil, water and air. Incineration Sanitary Landfill

III. The Project  A highly efficient technology was invented, designed and patented in Germany, and now commercialized to process Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) obtaining syngas, from which electricity is generated.  Worldwide Individual Patent rights are held by Mr. Blumenthal.  North, Central, South America and Caribbean Islands representation and rights are held by: Blue Tower Energy (Henry A. Melendez, Ph.D.).

 Consists of the transformation of MSW into gas.  MSW can be:  Wood  Plastics (rigid and flexible)‏  Paper  Cardboard  Waste (food, vegetal, paint)‏  Waste Oils  With the exceptions of:  Metal  Glass  Ceramic  Teflon  Rocks These have to be removed and recycled or commercialized. III. The Project

 Such transformation is achieved through the “Staged reforming” of the waste in absence of oxygen. This avoids from the beginning the creation of highly toxic components like Dioxins and Furans.  Prime fuel is MSW after having been hand picked by local workers. III. The Project

 The project is composed of two key steps: Gasification-Reformation & Power Generation.  Gasification/Reformation.  It is made with a meters high tower, with a 15 by 15 meters base.  Inside it contains mainly 3 process equipment which are: Pre-Heater, Reformer and Thermolisis Reactor. IV. Process Description

 80% of the organic material is gasified, while 18% becomes char and 2% commercialized ashes.  Gas is sent to the Reformer, where with steam its calorific power is enhanced in a reforming process. Later this Product Gas passes a cleaning process in order to be fuel for the power generating engines. Also in this process CO2 will be separated and sold. IV. Process Description

 Power Generation  The Product Gas is used as fuel for internal combustion machines, which generate electrical energy. This is produced according to the internal lines for the energy’s distribution. IV. Process Description

 Each module tower has the following characteristics:  Processing capacity of 350 MSW tons per day, which will be reduced to MSW tons after having been dried and crushed, generating 1,300-1,500 cubic meters of syngas per ton. And with the use of internal combustion engine, Megawatts/hour of excess electricity is produced.  With this amount of energy produced, it is enough to supply power to a significant number of households in your city. V. Process Capacity

 Forecasted construction time period is 18 months.  Total amount of investment for each complete module-plant is approx. USD $60M. This will be less if the waste is already recycled. Will also vary if we sale gas instead of electricity.  Project cost may vary by location of the project, access to power grid, sea level and the related scenario. Capital expenditure$ 50,112,000 Indirect Costs$ 5,215,000 Financial Costs$ 4,673,000 Total Investment$ 60,000,000 Cost Breakdown VI. Financial Projections

 The one-module plant with a capacity of approx. 17 MW/hour will generate 148,920,000 KWH on a yearly basis.  It is estimated that the general sales price of electricity or sysgas is Competitive to make this project a reality in your City.  Additional income will come from selling CO 2, as well as other products.  Carbon credit is not included in the revenue estimates. Estimated Incomes Electricity$ 8,200,000 Waste Disposal Service $ 4,400,000 Carbon Dioxide Sell$ 1,350,000 Other$ 700,000 Total Income$ 14,650,000 VI. Financial Projections

 The investment plan considers some finance cost, which will vary in accordance with the capital/debt composition.  Debt structuring, Interest rate and deferred payment period will affect the amount of finance cost.  Depreciation of the project cost will be in accordance with the tax law of the country but will consider short depreciation schedule whenever allowed.  Unit revenue will vary by area, by municipality, by industry and by country. VI. Financial Projections

 The following benefits can be derived from the process characteristics:  Power generation.  Energetic resources savings.  MSR disappearance.  Environment cleaning.  Minimization of use of landfills.  Potential build-up of carbon credit.  Better job conditions.  By-products, such as the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), are obtained, representing sales opportunity.  The fuel does not have a costs but yet the disposal of waste is an income stream. VII. Benefits