Astronomy and the Renaissance

Warm Up Questions CPS Questions (1-2) Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Lesson Overview Copernicus and the Sun-Centered Model Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Chapter 1, Lesson 2

(Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS) Quick Write If you were Tycho, how would you have argued for the kind of observatory you wanted from the king? (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS) Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Copernicus and the Sun-Centered Model Chapter 1, Lesson 2 © Image Select/Art Resource

Why Copernicus Searched for a Better Model Ptolemy’s predictions were off More accurate data for the Roman Catholic Church calendar Theory of epicycles didn’t adequately explain changes in Mars’ brightness Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Copernicus’ Heliocentric System Earth, one of several planets revolving around the Sun Plane of Earth’s equator tilted Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Copernicus’ Heliocentric System, cont. Moon revolves around Earth Included relative distances of planets from Sun Earth’s atmosphere simply follows Earth as it rotates Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Comparing the Copernican Model With the Ptolemaic Ptolemy Copernicus Accuracy of Data Predictive Power Simplicity Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Tycho Brahe’s Observations Tycho’s observations didn’t confirm the more recent Copernican model, however If the Earth orbited the Sun, then the nearby stars would show parallax Chapter 1, Lesson 2 © Photos.com

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion, cont. Tycho’s model put Earth at the center of Sun’s orbit Other planets orbiting Sun Wrong conclusion for a good reason Chapter 1, Lesson 2 © Detlev van Ravenswaay/Photo Researchers, Inc.

Kepler’s First Law: The Significance of the Ellipse Ellipse – a geometrical shape of which every point is same total distance from two fixed points Each planet’s path around the Sun is an ellipse Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Kepler’s Second Law: The Planets’ Changing Speeds A planet speeds up when it is closer to the Sun, and slows down when it is farther away Chapter 1, Lesson 2

How Kepler’s Third Law Implied the Force of Gravity Kepler hypothesized that a force held the planets near the Sun—gravity Harmonic Law: expresses a relationship between the time a planet takes to orbit the Sun and its distance from the Sun ra Chapter 1, Lesson 2 Courtesy of National Library of Medicine

Learning Check CPS Questions (3-4) Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Activity 1: Astronomy and The Renaissance Use your textbook to identify the terms and people to complete the sentence or answer the question provided using complete sentences. Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Activity 2: Drawing Ellipses Tie each end of the string around a tack Push the thumb tacks into the cardboard approximately 8 inches apart Stretch the string taut and insert the tip of a pen/pencil into the angle of the string Mark an ellipse on the cardboard by dragging the pen/pencil around the cardboard Complete the worksheet together as a team Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Activity 3: Your Own Ancient Observatory Your worksheet lists some of the tools you would probably find in an observatory today At the time of the Renaissance, these tools had not been invented yet What tools would you use instead, since these were not available? Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Technology Enrichment: The Earth’s Seasons Watch the video clips and answer the questions on the worksheet Write a brief script, as if for your own video, about why the Earth’s seasons change Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Review Copernicus’s Heliocentric system put Earth as just one of several planets revolving around the Sun Tycho’s observations didn’t confirm the more recent Copernican model, however Kepler’s First Law of Planetary Motion holds that each planet’s path around the Sun is an ellipse Kepler’s second law tells us about a planet’s speed as it moves around the Sun Kepler’s third law implied the force of gravity Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Review Questions CPS Questions (5-6) Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Summary Copernicus and the Sun-Centered Model Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Next… Done – Astronomy and the Renaissance Next – The Enlightenment and Modern Astronomy Chapter 1, Lesson 2 Courtesy of NASA