ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CITY OF COPENHAGEN COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT

2JUNE 2006 Ministry of Environment and Energy National Environmental Protection Agency The Danish Model of Waste Management (1) Environmental Protection Act Statutory Order on Waste General objectives and Guidelines Regions (5) Approval of Treatment Facilities Physical Planning Municipalities (99) Waste Planning Waste Regulations Enforcement

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT3JUNE 2006 The Danish Model of Waste Management (2) Environmental Protection Act Use of cleaner technologies Municipalities are in charge of all waste – duty to set up regulations – duty to prepare a waste management plan The Minister for the Environment can decide to set up municipal partnerships and oblige municipalities to join these New landfills can only be owned by public authorities

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT4JUNE 2006 The Danish Model of Waste Management (3) Municipal obligations, Statutory Order on Waste Waste Planning – mapping of quantities (1 year) – detailed action plan (4 years) – long term prognosis (12 years) Waste Regulation – set up regulations for waste sorting, handling etc. – inspection Assignment of a form of handling for all waste produced locally – waste producers must use the assigned form of handling

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT5JUNE 2006 NATIONAL REGULATION  Waste tax  Recycling 0 DKK/ton  Incineration330 DKK/ton (44 EURO)  Landfill375 DKK/ton (50 EURO)  On top of this tax comes the treatment fee  Ban on landfill of combustible waste  Phase out private landfill owners

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT6JUNE 2006 City of Copenhagen, Key Figures 2004 Area:89.8 km 2 Inhabitants: – average household 1,8 person Households: – of which approximately 21,000 are single family houses Enterprises: Workplaces:

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT7JUNE 2006 FROM LANDFILL TO RECYCLING

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT8JUNE 2006 IN MY BACK YARD… Distance from  City Hall (pink)  4 km E: Incineration plant  5 km S:  Composting plant  C & D waste recycling  Contamin. soil landfill  10 km SW: Controlled landfill  10 km W: Incineration plant

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT9JUNE 2006 FACTORS  Municipal waste planning and regulation  Waste treatment facilities – inter-municipal partnerships  Open and transparent decision making process  High environmental standard  National waste tax

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT10JUNE 2006 MUNICIPAL REGULATION Municipal responsibility for all waste  Household – commercial – industrial – hazardous - demolition Waste separation at source  A precondition for quality recycling Household waste collected by the non-profit, concessionary company  R98

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT11JUNE 2006 COMMERCIAL WASTE RULES  Criteria for transport and treatment  360 waste carriers and 75 waste receivers  The polluter pays  Market based competition on price and quality

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT12JUNE 2006 SEPARATION AT SOURCE BASIC TREATMENT  Combustible waste  Non-combustible waste  Contaminated soil  Hazardous waste  Infectious waste  Perishable waste  Asbestos RECYCLING  Cardboard & paper  Construction & demolition waste  Food waste  Garden & park waste  Glass & bottles  Iron & metal  PE plastics  Recyclable PVC plastics  Recyclable hazardous waste  Sandblasting agents  Waste of electronic equipment  Refrigerators

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT13JUNE 2006 Limits for Separation at Source Types of waste, which should be separated at source, if the amounts exceed the following limits: Garden and park2 m 3 per month Bottles and glass50 kg or 150 bottles per month CardboardNo lower limit PaperNo lower limit Sheet glassNo lower limit PE-plastics25 kg or 1m 3 per month PVC-plastics10 kg per building project Preserved wood10 kg per building project Debris of concrete, tiles and asphalt1 tonne per building project Food100 kg per week separated Amounts under the limits should be separated in waste suitable for incineration and waste not suitable for incineration.

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT14JUNE 2006 Duties of Commercial Waste Management Waste Producers must  separate at source  use designated schemes  keep records of waste types, amounts and handling  report C & D activities to municipality  report hazardous waste to municipality Waste carriers must  control separation and labelling  deliver to assigned treatment plants  report type, amount, producer and receiver of waste Waste receiving enterprises must  control separation and labelling  treat waste as agreed  report type, amount and carrier of waste

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT15JUNE 2006 Treatment Plants, Municipal Partnerships Incineration: Amagerforbrænding (1970) - Capacity: 400,000 t/year - Energy Production: 2,844,000 GJ/year (heat 75%, elec. 25%) - Partners: Copenhagen and 4 other municipalities Incineration: Vestforbrænding (1970) - Capacity: 500,000 t/year - Energy Production: 4,200,000 GJ/year (heat 90%, elec. 10%) - Partners: Copenhagen and 20 other municipalities Landfill: AV miljø (1989) - Capacity: 2 mill. m ³ - Partners: Amagerforbrænding and Vestforbrænding

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT16JUNE 2006 Treatment Plants, Municipal Partnerships Hazardous Waste: Greater Copenhagen Receiving Station (1972) - Capacity: 10,000 t/year - Partners: Copenhagen and Fr.berg Municipalities (potentially 18 more municipalities) Hazardous Waste: Kommunekemi Ldt. (1972) - Capacity: 110,000 t/year - Partners: Copenhagen and 274 municipalities Recycling: Copenhagen Recycling Centre, KMC (1996) - Recycling of construction + demolition waste - Compost of garden + park waste - Biological treatment of contaminated soil - Landfilling of contaminated soil - Future landfill, 2,5 mill. m³

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT17JUNE 2006 Tasks Copenhagen EPA: Waste Management Plan Local legislation Inspection Handling complaints Developing WM system Waste collection company: Collecting and transporting waste Supplying containers, bins etc. Handling complaints Developing WM system Incineration plants: Incinerating received waste Producing heat and electricity Operating recycling stations Developing WM system Landfill: Landfilling received waste Developing WM system

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT18JUNE 2006 FINANCING 2006 Municipal waste collection fee: 413 mill. DKK (54 mill. EURO) Contribution to inter-municipal partnerships: 52 mill. DKK (68 mill. EURO) Waste fee: 21 mill. DKK (2,8 mill. EURO)

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT19JUNE 2006 OPEN PLANNING PROCESS Planning process of Copenhagen Recycling Center  Regional planning procedure  Local planning procedure  Nature conservation procedure  Environmental permit procedure for each treatment plant  Public hearing processes  Adopted view-points of interested parties  Restoration funded by recycling activities

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT20JUNE 2006 RECYCLING CENTER Future landfill turned into Recycling Center: Recycling of construction & demolition waste Compost of garden & park waste Biological treatment of contaminated soil Landfill of contaminated soil Future landfill

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT21JUNE 2006 WASTE TO ENERGY DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM  Copenhagen metropolitan region  More than 100 km double pipes COMBINED HEAT & POWER  Amagerforbrænding (2002) Electricity MWh Heat MWh Total energy prod MWh/t  Vestforbrænding (2002) Electricity MWh Heat MWh Total energy prod MWh/t

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT22JUNE 2006 ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT23JUNE 2006 Waste Plan 2008 Objectives  Reduce waste and reduce contents of hazardous components in the waste  Make better use of the resources in the waste and reduce waste to incineration and landfill  Environmental value for money  A waste management system that matches the town  A waste management system that makes sense and is familiar

COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT24JUNE 2006 Waste Treatment by Source 2002 %