VR - The Historical Context Part 1 Rudy Darken & Michael Zyda Naval Postgraduate School { Darken, Zyda Rudy Darken & Michael Zyda Naval Postgraduate School { Darken, Zyda

Overview Sensorama Ivan Sutherland University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill MIT NASA Ames Research Center VPLOthers...Sensorama Ivan Sutherland University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill MIT NASA Ames Research Center VPLOthers...

Stereo Imagery

Sensorama Morton L. Heilig An early attempt (1958 or 1962) to build a full sensory experienceAn early attempt (1958 or 1962) to build a full sensory experience Morton L. Heilig An early attempt (1958 or 1962) to build a full sensory experienceAn early attempt (1958 or 1962) to build a full sensory experience

Ivan Sutherland The First Head-Mounted Display Developed at Harvard in the 1960’sDeveloped at Harvard in the 1960’s Consisted of 2 miniature CRT’s mounted at the side of the user’s head plus an optics system.Consisted of 2 miniature CRT’s mounted at the side of the user’s head plus an optics system. The First Head-Mounted Display Developed at Harvard in the 1960’sDeveloped at Harvard in the 1960’s Consisted of 2 miniature CRT’s mounted at the side of the user’s head plus an optics system.Consisted of 2 miniature CRT’s mounted at the side of the user’s head plus an optics system.

Ivan Sutherland Sutherland also developed early head tracking technology - one system based on ultrasound and another based on a mechanical linkage attached to the user’s head.Sutherland also developed early head tracking technology - one system based on ultrasound and another based on a mechanical linkage attached to the user’s head.

MIT “Put That There” (1983) A voice recognition, and hand gesture- based (with Polhemus) large screen command room. ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review Vol. 13, Entry 4.ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review Vol. 13, Entry 4. A voice recognition, and hand gesture- based (with Polhemus) large screen command room. ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review Vol. 13, Entry 4.ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review Vol. 13, Entry 4.

MIT “The Aspen Movie Map” (1983) A videodisk of the town of Aspen, Colorado was constructed The videodisk allowed the user to walk around the town and make decisions at intersections as to which way to go. Some buildings could be entered. A videodisk of the town of Aspen, Colorado was constructed The videodisk allowed the user to walk around the town and make decisions at intersections as to which way to go. Some buildings could be entered.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill WalkthroughPixelplanes/PixelFlow Force Feedback, Nanomanipulator Optical ceiling tracker WalkthroughPixelplanes/PixelFlow Force Feedback, Nanomanipulator Optical ceiling tracker

UNC Walkthrough - Fred Brooks UNC’s usage of the term virtual world dates from about 1986 and the 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics put on by UNC. One of the papers that Brooks presented at that conference is one on their first cut at a walkthrough system.One of the papers that Brooks presented at that conference is one on their first cut at a walkthrough system. UNC’s usage of the term virtual world dates from about 1986 and the 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics put on by UNC. One of the papers that Brooks presented at that conference is one on their first cut at a walkthrough system.One of the papers that Brooks presented at that conference is one on their first cut at a walkthrough system.

UNC Walkthrough - Fred Brooks The goal of that work was to build an architectural model of their new building in sufficient detail that the model could be used for planning/redesign purposes.The goal of that work was to build an architectural model of their new building in sufficient detail that the model could be used for planning/redesign purposes. The 3D model constructed was then used as a testbed for the study of how one could program an algorithm in software that could minimize the polygon flow through the slow graphics pipeline then available to them.The 3D model constructed was then used as a testbed for the study of how one could program an algorithm in software that could minimize the polygon flow through the slow graphics pipeline then available to them. The goal of that work was to build an architectural model of their new building in sufficient detail that the model could be used for planning/redesign purposes.The goal of that work was to build an architectural model of their new building in sufficient detail that the model could be used for planning/redesign purposes. The 3D model constructed was then used as a testbed for the study of how one could program an algorithm in software that could minimize the polygon flow through the slow graphics pipeline then available to them.The 3D model constructed was then used as a testbed for the study of how one could program an algorithm in software that could minimize the polygon flow through the slow graphics pipeline then available to them.

UNC Walkthrough - Fred Brooks The early system ran about 1 frame per second but the paper Brooks generated for that symposium raised a lot of interesting questions and pointed a number of people in the right direction for the VW work to come.The early system ran about 1 frame per second but the paper Brooks generated for that symposium raised a lot of interesting questions and pointed a number of people in the right direction for the VW work to come.

UNC Hardware Efforts PixelPlanes-4 (1989) 25,000 polys/second25,000 polys/second PixelPlanes-5 (1991) 1M polys/second1M polys/second PixelFlow (1997) 100M polys/second100M polys/second PixelPlanes-4 (1989) 25,000 polys/second25,000 polys/second PixelPlanes-5 (1991) 1M polys/second1M polys/second PixelFlow (1997) 100M polys/second100M polys/second

PixelFlow - Renderers & Compositors

PixelFlow Overview

PixelFlow Pics

UNC Nanomanipulator NanomanipulatorNanomanipulator

UNC Tracking Project Optical ceiling tracker

UNC Tracking Project

UNC Video Selections ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 43, 1989, Entry 11: UNC Computer Graphics Sampler ’89 - Fuchs/UNC.ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 43, 1989, Entry 11: UNC Computer Graphics Sampler ’89 - Fuchs/UNC. ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 51, 1989, Entry 25: The Virtual Lobby - John Rohlf/UNC. Note: This video is a repeat of the material in Video 43/Entry 11 above.ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 51, 1989, Entry 25: The Virtual Lobby - John Rohlf/UNC. Note: This video is a repeat of the material in Video 43/Entry 11 above. ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 43, 1989, Entry 11: UNC Computer Graphics Sampler ’89 - Fuchs/UNC.ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 43, 1989, Entry 11: UNC Computer Graphics Sampler ’89 - Fuchs/UNC. ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 51, 1989, Entry 25: The Virtual Lobby - John Rohlf/UNC. Note: This video is a repeat of the material in Video 43/Entry 11 above.ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 51, 1989, Entry 25: The Virtual Lobby - John Rohlf/UNC. Note: This video is a repeat of the material in Video 43/Entry 11 above. ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 62, 1990, Entry 19: Artificial Reality at UNC Chapel Hill - Warren Robinett/UNC.ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 62, 1990, Entry 19: Artificial Reality at UNC Chapel Hill - Warren Robinett/UNC. ACM SIGGRAPH Virtual Reality Applications Gallery, Jury Reel ’91.ACM SIGGRAPH Virtual Reality Applications Gallery, Jury Reel ’91.

UNC Video Selections ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 96, 1993, Entry 6: The Nanomanipulator.ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 96, 1993, Entry 6: The Nanomanipulator. SIGGRAPH 97?SIGGRAPH 97? ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 96, 1993, Entry 6: The Nanomanipulator.ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review 96, 1993, Entry 6: The Nanomanipulator. SIGGRAPH 97?SIGGRAPH 97?