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@#%#^&% How come nobody told me about it? SEPARATION FROM MALAYSIA

1. Singapore in Malaysia 2. Political Rivalry 3. Racial Politics : The Campaign against the PAP 4. Threats to Singapore’s Peace and Prosperity 5. Disagreements over Economic Matters 6. Campaign for a Malaysian Malaysia 7. Singapore out of Malaysia and on its Own

SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA LKY pledged loyalty to the Central Government [CG] Central Government made up of :

SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA LKY expressed the hope that Singapore and the CG could work together like brothers but this was not to be Both had different views about Malaysia and how it should be governed Why the different views ?

SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA REASONS : 1.Background of political parties 2.Treatment of different races

SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA MALAYA Political parties formed along racial lines UMNO - Malays MCA - Chinese MIC - Indians Main goal was to look after the interests of their own communities Multi-racial parties were not popularSINGAPORE Most political parties were multi-racial Did not aim to promote the interest of one community over another

SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA MALAYA Special rights given to Malays to improve their standard of livingSINGAPORE Special rights did not exist PAP believed that people’s standard of living will improve through education and industrialisation Equal opportunity for all to succeed

SINGAPORE IN MALAYSIA CG expected Singapore to adapt to the system already in place Singapore wanted Malaysian leaders to stop thinking along racial lines This basic difference created problems between the two governments separationStrained relationship and eventually led to separation

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POLITICAL RIVALRY Sep 1963 Singapore State Elections Alliance leaders in KL wanted Singapore Alliance to have more seats in the Singapore Legislative AssemblyAlliance leaders in KL wanted Singapore Alliance to have more seats in the Singapore Legislative Assembly Singapore Alliance did not win any seatsSingapore Alliance did not win any seats won 37 out of 51 seats won 37 out of 51 seats UMNO was most unhappyUMNO was most unhappy Election results showed that Singapore Malays supported the PAP’s programme for improving their standard of livingElection results showed that Singapore Malays supported the PAP’s programme for improving their standard of living

POLITICAL RIVALRY 1964 Federal Election Before 1964, had no branches outside SingaporeBefore 1964, had no branches outside Singapore decided to take part in the 1964 Federal Election as a Malaysian political party decided to take part in the 1964 Federal Election as a Malaysian political party Goals : 1. Build a Malaysian MalaysiaGoals : 1. Build a Malaysian Malaysia 2. Provide all with necessary skills and equal opportunities to succeed 2. Provide all with necessary skills and equal opportunities to succeed Alliance leaders were upset because had promised not to take part in Federal ElectionsAlliance leaders were upset because had promised not to take part in Federal Elections

POLITICAL RIVALRY 1964 Federal Election arguments : arguments : Since the Alliance had taken part in the 1963 Singapore State Election, it was only natural that the PAP contested the Federal ElectionSince the Alliance had taken part in the 1963 Singapore State Election, it was only natural that the PAP contested the Federal Election Alliance leaders, especially UMNO, were angry with the campaign as it seemed to criticise the way Malaya was governed by the AllianceAlliance leaders, especially UMNO, were angry with the campaign as it seemed to criticise the way Malaya was governed by the Alliance drew large crowds to its rallies but only won 1 seat drew large crowds to its rallies but only won 1 seat Alliance won 89 out of 104 but was worried about popularityAlliance won 89 out of 104 but was worried about popularity

RACIAL POLITICS RACIAL POLITICS THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE PAP After the Fed elections, UMNO wanted to win back Malay votes in SingaporeAfter the Fed elections, UMNO wanted to win back Malay votes in Singapore 1.Some UMNO leaders began to criticise the PAP Government for not looking after the interests of the Malays in Singapore 2.An anti-PAP campaign was started through the Malay press, especially the Utusan Melayu (UM) ISSUEISSUE –Redevelopment in Crawford, Kg Glam and Rochor areas –2,500 families resettled; 200 were Malay families –UM claimed that 3,000 Malays were affected

RACIAL POLITICS RACIAL POLITICS THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE PAP Over time, more misleading articles appeared in the UMOver time, more misleading articles appeared in the UM To ease growing racial tension, LKY met 900 Malay representatives in July 1964To ease growing racial tension, LKY met 900 Malay representatives in July 1964 –Govt would do its best to help Malays overcome problems of education, employment and housing UM continued with its anti-PAP campaignUM continued with its anti-PAP campaign In the end, the racial tension in Singapore lead to two race riots.In the end, the racial tension in Singapore lead to two race riots.

THREATS TO SINGAPORE Internal Threat : The 1964 Race Riots 21 July 1964 : 25,000 Malays gathered at the Padang to celebrate Prophet Mohammed’s birthday21 July 1964 : 25,000 Malays gathered at the Padang to celebrate Prophet Mohammed’s birthday Anti-PAP speeches by various Malay leadersAnti-PAP speeches by various Malay leaders Procession to GeylangProcession to Geylang The procession on its way to Geylang

THREATS TO SINGAPORE Internal Threat : The 1964 Race Riots Singapore Government’s version : Small incident sparked off race riotsSingapore Government’s version : Small incident sparked off race riots After that, more groups became unruly and attacked Chinese passers-by and spectatorsAfter that, more groups became unruly and attacked Chinese passers-by and spectators Soon, clashes between Malays and Chinese in various parts of Singapore reportedSoon, clashes between Malays and Chinese in various parts of Singapore reported Curfew imposed 9.30 pm to 6.00 amCurfew imposed 9.30 pm to 6.00 am Lifted only on 2 Aug 1964Lifted only on 2 Aug 1964

THREATS TO SINGAPORE Police cordon beside the Kallang Gas Works after the outbreak of racial riots

THREATS TO SINGAPORE Internal Threat : The 1964 Race Riots Goodwill committees set upGoodwill committees set up Made up of community leaders from various racial groupsMade up of community leaders from various racial groups Help to restore peace and harmonyHelp to restore peace and harmony LKY and Tun Razak toured the island to calm things downLKY and Tun Razak toured the island to calm things down

THREATS TO SINGAPORE LKY urging people to remain calm

THREATS TO SINGAPORE Internal Threat : The 1964 Race Riots Second riot in Sep 1964Second riot in Sep 1964 Malay trishaw rider murdered; Chinese accused of murderMalay trishaw rider murdered; Chinese accused of murder Led to another race riot and curfew imposed againLed to another race riot and curfew imposed again 13 dead, 106 injured13 dead, 106 injured

THREATS TO SINGAPORE Significance of race riots Showed how easily peace and harmony in Singapore could be brokenShowed how easily peace and harmony in Singapore could be broken Clashes did not get completely out of control because of the curfew and riot troopsClashes did not get completely out of control because of the curfew and riot troops Also because of goodwill between the Chinese and MalaysAlso because of goodwill between the Chinese and Malays

THREATS TO SINGAPORE Internal Threat : The Indonesian Confrontation Indonesia broke off relations with Malaysia in Sep 1963Indonesia broke off relations with Malaysia in Sep 1963 Embargo : Singapore experience a decline in trade and some unemploymentEmbargo : Singapore experience a decline in trade and some unemployment Not severe as there was still trade with other countriesNot severe as there was still trade with other countries

THREATS TO SINGAPORE Internal Threat : The Indonesian Confrontation A more serious aspect of Confrontation : Disruptive action by Indonesian agents in SingaporeA more serious aspect of Confrontation : Disruptive action by Indonesian agents in Singapore Set off bombs which killed innocent people and damaged propertySet off bombs which killed innocent people and damaged property 29 bombs set off by Mar bombs set off by Mar 1965 Most serious : March 1965Most serious : March 1965 Bomb at MacDonald House killed 3 and injured 33Bomb at MacDonald House killed 3 and injured 33

THREATS TO SINGAPORE Internal Threat : The Indonesian Confrontation Voluntary Vigilante Corps was set up in Apr 1964 to help the police and army defend SingaporeVoluntary Vigilante Corps was set up in Apr 1964 to help the police and army defend Singapore More than 10,000 signed upMore than 10,000 signed up Community Centres serve as bases for their patrolsCommunity Centres serve as bases for their patrols Confrontation ended in Aug 1966 after a new government took over control of IndonesiaConfrontation ended in Aug 1966 after a new government took over control of Indonesia Confrontation and 1964 racial riots show that we should not take peace and prosperity in Singapore for grantedConfrontation and 1964 racial riots show that we should not take peace and prosperity in Singapore for granted